Scheduling electric vehicle charging to minimise carbon emissions and wind curtailment
Scheduling electric vehicle charging to minimise carbon emissions and wind curtailment
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.renene.2020.07.017
复制
发表时间：
2020-07
期刊：
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
James Dixon;W. Bukhsh;C. Edmunds;K. Bell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
James Dixon;W. Bukhsh;C. Edmunds;K. Bell
本文提出了一种电动汽车协调充电的潜力的调查，以i）减少与他们的充电时，电网碳强度（gCO 2/kWh）是低的选择性充电相关的CO2排放量和ii）吸收多余的风力发电的时候，否则将被削减。调度充电事件的方法，寻求最小的碳强度的充电，同时尊重EV和网络的限制，提出了通过时间耦合的线性化最优潮流配方，基于插件期间来自一个大的旅行数据集。时间表是使用真实的半小时电网强度数据得出的;如果在特定事件中充电可以完全通过使用本来会被削减的可再生能源来完成，则其碳强度为零。据发现，如果从目前的英国大陆（GB）电网“哑”充电，与电动汽车（EV）充电相关的平均排放量在35-56 gCO 2/km范围内;这可以通过控制充电减少到28-40 gCO 2/km-大约是欧洲销售的平均新汽油或柴油汽车尾气排放量的20-30%。电动汽车有潜力吸收多余的风力发电;根据建模的充电行为，50万辆电动汽车（占苏格兰目前汽车总数的20%）可以吸收苏格兰最大的陆上风电场约四分之三的限电。
This paper presents an investigation of the potential for coordinated charging of electric vehicles to i) reduce the CO2emissions associated with their charging by selectively charging when grid carbon intensity (gCO2/kWh) is low and ii) absorb excess wind generation in times when it would otherwise be curtailed. A method of scheduling charge events that seeks the minimum carbon intensity of charging while respecting EV and network constraints is presented via a time-coupled linearised optimal power flow formulation, based on plugging-in periods derived from a large travel dataset. Schedules are derived using real half-hourly grid intensity data; if charging in a particular event can be done entirely through use of renewable energy that would otherwise have been curtailed, its carbon intensity is zero. It was found that if ‘dumb’ charged from the current UK mainland (GB) grid, average emissions related to electric vehicle (EV) charging are in the range 35–56 gCO2/km; this can be reduced to 28–40 gCO2/km by controlled charging – approximately 20–30% of the tailpipe emissions of an average new petrol or diesel car sold in Europe. There is potential for EVs to absorb excess wind generation; based on the modelled charging behaviour, 500,000 EVs (20% of Scotland’s current car fleet) could absorb around three quarters of curtailment at Scotland’s largest onshore wind farm.