Short-term effects of ultrafine particles on daily mortality by primary vehicle exhaust versus secondary origin in three Spanish cities
Short-term effects of ultrafine particles on daily mortality by primary vehicle exhaust versus secondary origin in three Spanish cities
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2017.11.015
复制
发表时间：
2018-02-01
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Querol, Xavier
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tobias, Aurelio;Rivas, Ioar;Querol, Xavier
背景：关于超细颗粒（直径< 100 nm， UFP）对健康的短期影响的证据仍然不一致。城市环境空气中的新颗粒是直接排放的结果，也是由气态前体形成的二次UFP的结果。我们将UFP分为这两个组成部分，并调查了它们对受不同空气污染源影响的三个西班牙城市的日常死亡率的影响。方法：采用黑碳（BC）与颗粒数浓度(N)高度相关的方法分离UFP。第一个分量是机动车尾气排放的气溶胶成分（N1），第二个分量是光化学新粒子形成增强（N2）。我们应用了城市特定的泊松回归模型，调整了长期趋势、温度和人口动态。结果：巴塞罗那和特内里费岛的平均BC水平（分别为1.8和1.2 μ g.m(-3)）高于韦尔瓦（0.8 μ g.m(-3)）。而三个城市的平均UFP浓度相似，其中N1在巴塞罗那为40%，在圣克鲁斯-德特内里费为46%，在韦尔瓦为27%。我们观察到，在巴塞罗那，每增加3277厘米（-3）四分位数（IQR），在滞后0和滞后2之间，N1和每日死亡率增加约1.5%，但与N2无关。在圣克鲁斯德特内里费岛也发现了类似的模式，尽管这些关联都不显著。相反，在工业城市韦尔瓦，死亡率与滞后0的N2相关，每IQR为12,032 cm（-3）增加3.9%。结论：UFP的形态和来源决定了其对人体健康的短期影响。BC可能是评价微粒汽车尾气排放对健康影响的较好参数，但在受家用固体燃料燃烧影响的地区，也应考虑到这一点。
Background: Evidence on the short-term effects of ultrafine particles (with diameter < 100 nm, UFP) on health is still inconsistent. New particles in ambient urban air are the result of direct emissions and also the formation of secondary UFP from gaseous precursors. We segregated UFP into these two components and investigated their impact on daily mortality in three Spanish cities affected by different sources of air pollution.Methods: We separated the UFP using a method based on the high correlation between black carbon (BC) and particle number concentration (N). The first component accounts for aerosol constituents emitted by vehicle exhaust (N1) and the second for the photochemical new particle formation enhancements (N2). We applied cityspecific Poisson regression models, adjusting for long-term trends, temperature and population dynamics.Results: Mean BC levels were higher in Barcelona and Tenerife (1.8 and 1.2 mu g.m(-3), respectively) than in Huelva (0.8 mu g.m(-3)). While mean UFP concentrations were similar in the three cities, from which N1 was 40% in Barcelona, 46% in Santa Cruz de Tenerife, and 27% in Huelva. We observed an association with N1 and daily mortality in Barcelona, by increasing approximately 1.5% between lags 0 and 2, per an interquartile increase (IQR) of 3277 cm(-3), but not with N2. A similar pattern was found in Santa Cruz de Tenerife, although none of the associations were significant. Conversely, in the industrial city of Huelva mortality was associated with N2 at lag 0, by increasing 3.9% per an IQR of 12,032.cm(-3).Conclusion: The pattern and origin of UFP determines their short-term effect on human health. BC is possibly the better parameter to evaluate the health effects of particulate vehicle exhaust emissions, although in areas influenced by domestic solid fuel combustion this should also be taken into account.