The owl's cochlear nuclei process different sound localization cues.
The owl's cochlear nuclei process different sound localization cues.
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猫头鹰的耳蜗核处理不同的声音定位线索。
DOI：
10.1121/1.392499
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发表时间：
1985
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Takahashi,T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Konishi,M;Sullivan,WE;Takahashi,T
为什么耳蜗核不止一个？单凭对不同细胞核的生理学和解剖学差异的表征，并不能回答这个问题。这些差异必须在行为的背景下理解。例如，如果不了解声学刺激的哪些变量（例如波形定时、强度、频率或振幅调制、频谱模式等）携带与特定行为或感知相关的信息，那么对神经代码的搜索就没有逻辑重点。我们必须先知道听觉系统要编码什么，然后才能问它是如何编码的。此外，对于给定的声学变量，可能有不止一种可能的神经代码可供使用，并且通常没有逻辑方法来确定实际使用的是哪一种。我们提倡“下游”方法--将我们的分析从高阶进行，中央神经元回到外围。高阶神经元，我们的起点，必须满足以下四个条件：（1）它对复杂但可定义的刺激具有高度选择性。(2)可以实现神经元对其敏感和不敏感的刺激变量的定义。(3)可以测量动物对这些相同刺激变量的行为反应。(4)可以识别通向高级神经元的通路中的低级神经元。我们已经研究了仓鸮的声音定位的神经基质，下游的方法使我们能够跟踪听觉系统的代码从下丘到耳蜗核的空间。
Why is there more than one cochlear nucleus? By itself, characterization of differences in the physiology and anatomy of different nuclei cannot answer the question. These differences must be understood in the context of behavior. For example, without understanding which variables of the acoustic stimulus (eg, waveform timing, intensity, frequency or amplitude modulation, spectral patterns, and so on) carry information relevant to a specific behavior or perception, the search for neural codes has no logical focus. One must know what the auditory system has to encode before one can ask how it is coded. Also, for a given acoustic variable, there may be more than one possible neural code that could be used, and often there is no logical way to determine which one actually is used.We advocate a" downstream" approach--carrying our analyses from higher-order, central neurons back down to the periphery. The higher-order neuron, our starting point, must satisfy the following four conditions:(1) It is highly selective for a complex, yet definable stimulus.(2) A definition of the stimulus variables to which the neuron is and is not sensitive can be achieved.(3) The animal's behavioral response to these same stimulus variables can be measured.(4) Lower-order neurons in the pathway leading to the highorder neuron can be identified. We have studied the neural substrates of sound localization in the barn owl, and the downstream approach has enabled us to trace the auditory system's codes for space from the inferior colliculus down to the cochlear nuclei.