The evolution of brain structure captured in stereotyped cell count and cell type distributions.
The evolution of brain structure captured in stereotyped cell count and cell type distributions.
复制标题
从定型细胞计数和细胞类型分布中捕获的大脑结构的演变。
DOI：
10.1016/j.conb.2019.12.005
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Osten,Pavel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Němec,Pavel;Osten,Pavel
细胞计数和细胞类型分布的图谱揭示了大脑复杂性的进化。神经元和神经胶质细胞的数量和分布具有物种特异性和枝特异性。白质端脑神经元数量与认知能力相关。各向同性分分器可用于估计数百个物种的细胞数量。全脑免疫标记和FISH是绘制细胞类型分布图的工具。大脑结构的固有特征，如神经细胞类型在大脑区域的分布、形态和连通性，最有可能解释大脑处理信息和控制行为的非凡能力。解剖学方法的最新进展，包括简单但通用的各向同性分分仪和几种全脑标记、清除和显微镜方法，已经打开了一个令人兴奋的比较脑解剖学新时代的大门，一个有潜力改变我们对大脑结构-功能关系的理解，通过在物种和物种特异性或分支特异性的定量解剖学特征中代表大脑复杂性的进化。在这里，我们将讨论这些方法及其在绘制脑细胞计数和细胞类型分布图谱中的应用——这是脊椎动物认知和行为能力的两个特别强大的神经相关因素。
HighlightsMaps of cell count and cell type distributions reveal evolution of brain complexity.Number and distribution of neurons and glial cells is species-specific and clade-specific.Number of neurons in pallial telencephalon correlates with cognitive abilities.Isotropic fractionator can be used to estimate cell numbers in hundreds of species.Whole-brain immunolabeling and FISH are tools for cell type distribution mapping.The stereotyped features of brain structure, such as the distribution, morphology and connectivity of neuronal cell types across brain areas, are those most likely to explain the remarkable capacity of the brain to process information and govern behaviors. Recent advances in anatomical methods, including the simple but versatile isotropic fractionator and several whole-brain labeling, clearing and microscopy methods, have opened the door to an exciting new era in comparative brain anatomy, one that has the potential to transform our understanding of the brain structure-function relationship by representing the evolution of brain complexity in quantitative anatomical features shared across species and species-specific or clade-specific. Here we discuss these methods and their application to mapping brain cell count and cell type distributions—two particularly powerful neural correlates of vertebrate cognitive and behavioral capabilities.