Thirty years of coral reef change in relation to coastal construction and increased sedimentation at Pelekane Bay, Hawai'i.
Thirty years of coral reef change in relation to coastal construction and increased sedimentation at Pelekane Bay, Hawai'i.
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作者：
Stender Y;Jokiel PL;Rodgers KS
珊瑚礁正受到世界各地人为过程的严重影响。长期监测对于了解珊瑚礁对人类影响的反应和纠正管理工作的有效性至关重要。在这里，我们重新评估了1976年在夏威夷ʻI的Pelekane Bay建立的有价值的珊瑚礁基线，随后在1996年重新进行了评估。在此期间，发生了重大影响，随后采取了广泛的纠正措施。从1977年到1996年，由于大规模的港口建设和分水岭上不太理想的土地管理措施，珊瑚和鱼类群落急剧下降。最近，采取了稳定分水岭和制定捕捞条例等形式的纠正措施。因此，我们2012年的调查显示，自1996年以来，珊瑚覆盖率略有增加，同时鱼类丰富度、多样性和均衡度也显著增加。这一改善可归因于1996年以来捕捞压力降低，原因是海岸线准入减少，捕捞条例更加严格，对合法和非法捕捞活动的监测增加。珊瑚群落的稳定可部分归因于流域恢复所导致的沉积减少，包括安装泥沙拦截坝、控制野生有蹄类动物、控制放牧和重新种植本地植被。一次重大风暴事件和一次海啸使沉积物被重新动员和冲走，从而提供了对从珊瑚礁中清除沉积物的机理的见解。草食性鱼类的增加可能在减少藻类对珊瑚的竞争方面发挥了作用。这些数据表明，该地区陡峭的珊瑚礁下降趋势已经得到遏制，并为以前采取的纠正行动提供了支持。
Coral reefs are being critically impacted by anthropogenic processes throughout the world. Long term monitoring is essential to the understanding of coral reef response to human impacts and the effectiveness of corrective management efforts. Here we reevaluated a valuable coral reef baseline established in Pelekane Bay, Hawaiʻi during 1976 and subsequently resurveyed in 1996. During this time interval substantial impacts occurred followed by extensive corrective measures. Coral and fish communities showed dramatic declines from 1977 to 1996 due to massive harbor construction and suboptimal land management practices on the watershed. More recently, corrective measures in the form of watershed stabilization and fishing regulations have been implemented. Consequently our 2012 survey reveals that coral cover since 1996 has increased slightly accompanied by a significant increase in fish abundance, diversity, and evenness. This improvement can be attributed to lower fishing pressure since 1996 due to reduced shoreline access, tighter fishing regulations and increased monitoring of legal and illegal fishing activities. Stabilization of the coral community can be attributed partially to reduced sedimentation resulting from watershed restoration that included installation of sediment check dams, control of feral ungulates, controlled grazing and replanting of native vegetation. Insights into the mechanism that removes sediment from reefs was provided by a major storm event and a tsunami that remobilized and flushed out sediment deposits. The increase in herbivorous fishes probably played a role in reducing algal competition in favor of corals. The data suggest that the precipitous reef decline in this area has been arrested and offers support for the corrective actions previously undertaken.
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影响因子：
2.4
作者：
DUSTAN, P
通讯作者：
DUSTAN, P
影响因子：
0.7
作者：
Brown, Eric;Cox, Evelyn;Hultquist, Jonathan
通讯作者：
Hultquist, Jonathan
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
DeMartini, E.;Jokiel, P.;Conklin, E.
通讯作者：
Conklin, E.
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Halpern, Benjamin S.;Walbridge, Shaun;Watson, Reg
通讯作者：
Watson, Reg
DOI：
10.1007/978-94-007-0114-4_22
发表时间：
2011-01-01
期刊：
CORAL REEFS: AN ECOSYSTEM IN TRANSITION
影响因子：
--
作者：
Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove
通讯作者：
Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove