Transition to independence and evidence of extended parental care in the gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua)
Transition to independence and evidence of extended parental care in the gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua)
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s00227-008-0919-x
复制
发表时间：
2008-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Trivelpiece, Wayne Z.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Polito, Michael J.;Trivelpiece, Wayne Z.
2005年，在南设得兰群岛乔治国王岛金钟湾，利用无线电遥测和观测技术研究了巴布亚企鹅幼雏“羽翼期”的活动模式和行为；定义为雏鸟第一次出海到最后离开繁殖地之间的时间。巴布亚企鹅表现出幼崽的延迟分散和父母延长供给的行为，这些行为在其他类中没有观察到。雏鸟在平均70天大的时候第一次出海，最后在平均82天大的时候离开企鹅群。在这个羽翼未丰的时期，每只雏鸟平均要出海五次。随着雏鸟年龄的增长，出海旅行的时间显著增加，出海旅行的时间和持续时间与成鸟觅食旅行的文献值相似。行为观察和质量动力学证实，许多雏鸟在羽翼发育期间仍在喂养，父母的喂养行为最常在下午晚些时候到晚上观察到。我们假设这些行为为雏鸟提供了一个在分散之前获得海上经验的机会，并可能使它们在完全独立之前发展觅食技能。
We used radio telemetry and observations to study the activity patterns and behavior of gentoo penguin chicks at Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands in 2005 during their "fledging period"; defined as the time between a chick's first trip to sea and its final dispersal from the breeding colony. Gentoo penguins exhibited delayed dispersal of young and extended parental provisioning, behaviors not observed in other Pygoscelis species. Chicks took their first trip to sea at a mean age of 70 days of age, before finally departing the colony at a mean age of 82 days. During this fledging period, individual chicks made an average of five trips to sea. Trip duration increased significantly as chicks aged, with trips to sea becoming similar to literature values of adult foraging trips in both timing and duration. Behavioral observations and mass dynamics confirmed that many chicks were still being fed during this fledging period, with parental feeding behaviors most often observed in the late afternoon to evening hours. We hypothesize that these behaviors provide an opportunity for chicks to gain experience at sea prior to dispersal and might allow them to develop foraging skills before they are completely independent.