Altered marine tephra deposits as potential slope failure planes?

Altered marine tephra deposits as potential slope failure planes?
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改变海洋火山灰沉积物作为潜在的斜坡破坏面?

DOI:
10.1007/s00367-015-0408-4
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发表时间:
2015
期刊:
影响因子:
2.1
通讯作者:
Wiemer
Wiemer
中科院分区:
地球科学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wiemer

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火山灰风化导致机械强度较弱的自生粘土矿物(蒙皂石)比例增加。这表明蚀变火山灰代表斜坡沉积物序列中固有的薄弱层,这些可能会促进海底和其他水生环境中的斜坡破坏。在排水直剪试验中,将不同蚀变阶段的火山灰与普通砂-粘土混合物进行了对比,以供岩土工程参考。注意颗粒形状对剪切强度的影响。结果表明,火山灰具有(1)由于颗粒粗糙度和棱角性,在低蚀变阶段具有高强度端元,以及(2)在完全成岩蚀变后具有低强度端元,两者均在静态条件下。这表明,强烈改变的火山灰层可能是造成边坡破坏的潜在原因。然而,对ODP和IODP Expedition报告的审查表明,高级火山灰蚀变主要发生在低于(>800 mbsf)通常观察到的斜坡破坏启动(<400 mbsf)的深度处。这反过来又表明,火山灰蚀变并没有发挥重要作用,在启动边坡破坏。
Weathering of tephra results in increasing proportions of mechanically weak, authigenic clay minerals (smectite). This suggests that altered tephra represent inherent weak layers in slope sediment sequences, and these may facilitate slope failure in submarine and other aquatic environments. In drained direct shear experiments, tephra in different alteration stages were compared to common sand–clay mixtures for geotechnical reference. Attention is drawn to the influence of particle shape on shear strength. The results revealed volcanic ash to have (1) a high strength end-member at low alteration stages due to particle roughness and angularity and (2) a low strength end-member after complete diagenetic alteration, both under static conditions. This would suggest that strongly altered volcanic ash layers could potentially be responsible for slope failures. However, a review of ODP and IODP Expedition reports shows that advanced ash alteration mostly occurs at depths below (>800 mbsf) those commonly observed for slope failure initiation (<400 mbsf). This, in turn, suggests that volcanic ash alteration does not play an important role in the initiation of slope failure.
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