Healthcare Stereotype Threat in Older Adults in the Health and Retirement Study
Healthcare Stereotype Threat in Older Adults in the Health and Retirement Study
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DOI：
10.1016/j.amepre.2015.07.034
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发表时间：
2016-02-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Wheaton, Felicia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abdou, Cleopatra M.;Fingerhut, Adam W.;Wheaton, Felicia
简介：医疗保健刻板印象威胁是个人被贬低为医疗保健领域内常见的群体刻板印象的威胁，包括有关不健康生活方式和低等智力的刻板印象。本研究的目的是评估人们在医疗保健环境中对多种特征（包括种族/族裔和年龄）进行评判的恐惧程度，并测试对此类威胁的经历与健康状况不佳和对医疗保健的负面看法有关的预测。方法：收集数据作为 2012 年健康与退休研究 (HRS) 的一部分。研究团队设计了一个关于医疗保健刻板印象威胁的模块，该模块被随机分配给 HRS 参与者（总共 20,555 名参与者中的 n = 2,048 名）。当前医疗保健刻板印象威胁实验的最终样本由 1,479 人组成。 Logistic 回归用于测试医疗保健刻板印象威胁是否与自评健康、报告的高血压和抑郁症状以及医疗保健相关结果（包括医生不信任、对医疗保健的不满和预防性护理的使用）相关。结果：17% 的受访者报告了与其身份的一个或多个方面有关的医疗保健刻板印象威胁。正如预测的那样，医疗保健刻板印象威胁与医生对医疗保健的不信任和不满程度较高、精神和身体健康状况较差（即自评健康、高血压和抑郁症状）以及接种流感疫苗的几率较低有关。结论：本研究首次表明，人们可能会基于社会身份的各种污名化方面而经历医疗保健刻板印象威胁，并且这些经历可以与更大的健康和医疗保健相关结果联系起来，从而有助于少数群体之间的差异。 (C) 2016 年由 Elsevier Inc. 代表《美国预防医学杂志》出版
Introduction: Healthcare stereotype threat is the threat of being personally reduced to group stereotypes that commonly operate within the healthcare domain, including stereotypes regarding unhealthy lifestyles and inferior intelligence. The objective of this study was to assess the extent to which people fear being judged in healthcare contexts on several characteristics, including race/ethnicity and age, and to test predictions that experience of such threats would be connected with poorer health and negative perceptions of health care.Methods: Data were collected as part of the 2012 Health and Retirement Study (HRS). A module on healthcare stereotype threat, designed by the research team, was administered to a random subset (n = 2,048 of the total 20,555) of HRS participants. The final sample for the present healthcare stereotype threat experiment consists of 1,479 individuals. Logistic regression was used to test whether healthcare stereotype threat was associated with self-rated health, reported hypertension, and depressive symptoms, as well as with healthcare-related outcomes, including physician distrust, dissatisfaction with health care, and preventative care use.Results: Seventeen percent of respondents reported healthcare stereotype threat with respect to one or more aspects of their identities. As predicted, healthcare stereotype threat was associated with higher physician distrust and dissatisfaction with health care, poorermental and physical health (i.e., self-rated health, hypertension, and depressive symptoms), and lower odds of receiving the influenza vaccine.Conclusions: The first of its kind, this study demonstrates that people can experience healthcare stereotype threat on the basis of various stigmatized aspects of social identity, and that these experiences can be linked with larger health and healthcare-related outcomes, thereby contributing to disparities among minority groups. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Journal of Preventive Medicine