Migration and mental health in Europe (the state of the mental health in Europe working group: appendix 1).
Migration and mental health in Europe (the state of the mental health in Europe working group: appendix 1).
复制标题
DOI：
10.1186/1745-0179-1-13
复制
发表时间：
2005-08-31
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Haro-Abad, Josep Maria
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carta, Mauro Giovanni;Bernal, Mariola;Haro-Abad, Josep Maria
背景技术背景：本文是《欧洲心理健康状况》报告小组工作的一部分（欧洲委员会，健康和消费者保护总局，2004年），并处理与欧洲移民有关的心理健康问题。本文试图描述社会，本报告分析了欧洲移民的人口和政治背景，并试图指出移民的需求和（心理）健康问题。本文还对移民心理健康风险的相关文献进行了综述。这项工作还面临着问题的卫生政策对移民和获得医疗保健服务在European.RESULTS：移民在20世纪90年代一直很高，其特点是新的移民。欧洲一些国家传统上是移民输出国，现在已转变为移民输入国。移民是欧洲人口变化的一个关键力量。关闭边界的政策并没有阻止移民，反而似乎建立了一个新的所谓“非法移民”的下层阶级，他们受到压制和高度剥削。2000年，还有392，200份庇护申请。欧洲一些移民群体的心理健康风险的审查文献关注：1）精神分裂症的最高比率;自杀;酒精和药物滥用;精神病设施的访问;焦虑和抑郁的风险;欧盟移民一旦返回祖国的心理健康;今天处于不利地位的国家的早期欧盟移民;难民和心理健康。由于移徙的不同条件涉及到各种变量，如：移徙的动机（如定居者、难民、外来者）;与东道国文化的距离;建立调解结构的能力;法律的居住地位，因此不可能将“移徙者”视为精神疾病风险方面的同类群体。从这个意义上说，应该进行心理社会研究，以确定在特定条件下可能意味着精神疾病风险增加并影响寻求精神科护理的因素。评论和意见：尽管在移徙者中发现了一些健康问题方面的弱势群体，但在许多欧洲国家，有些移徙者无法享受现有的保健和社会服务，寻求庇护者和无证移民尤其如此。为了弥补这些不足，有必要提供充足的资金和连续的赠款，用于研究多文化的保健需求。最后，必须强调对精神卫生保健采取综合办法的重要性，而不仅仅是精神病护理。
BACKGROUND: This paper is a part of the work of the group that carried out the report "The state of the mental health in Europe" (European Commission, DG Health and Consumer Protection, 2004) and deals with the mental health issues related to the migration in Europe.METHODS: The paper tries to describe the social, demographical and political context of the emigration in Europe and tries to indicate the needs and (mental) health problems of immigrants. A review of the literature concerning mental health risk in immigrant is also carried out. The work also faces the problem of the health policy toward immigrants and the access to health care services in Europe.RESULTS: Migration during the 1990s has been high and characterised by new migrations. Some countries in Europe, that have been traditionally exporters of migrants have shifted to become importers. Migration has been a key force in the demographic changes of the European population. The policy of closed borders do not stop migration, but rather seems to set up a new underclass of so-called "illegals" who are suppressed and highly exploited. In 2000 there were also 392,200 asylum applications. The reviewed literature among mental health risk in some immigrant groups in Europe concerns: 1) highest rate of schizophrenia; suicide; alcohol and drug abuse; access of psychiatric facilities; risk of anxiety and depression; mental health of EU immigrants once they returned to their country; early EU immigrants in today disadvantaged countries; refugees and mental health. Due to the different condition of migration concerning variables as: motivation to migrations (e.g. settler, refugees, gastarbeiters); distance for the host culture; ability to develop mediating structures; legal residential status it is impossible to consider "migrants" as a homogeneous group concerning the risk for mental illness. In this sense, psychosocial studies should be undertaken to identify those factors which may under given conditions, imply an increased risk of psychiatric disorders and influence seeking for psychiatric care. COMMENTS AND REMARKS: Despite in the migrants some vulnerable groups were identified with respect to health problems, in many European countries there are migrants who fall outside the existing health and social services, something which is particularly true for asylum seekers and undocumented immigrants. In order to address these deficiencies, it is necessary to provide with an adequate financing and a continuity of the grants for research into the multicultural health demand. Finally, there is to highlight the importance of adopting an integrated approach to mental health care that moves away from psychiatric care only.