Tetralin and Decalin H-Donor Effect on Catalytic Upgrading of Heavy Oil Inductively Heated with Steel Balls
Tetralin and Decalin H-Donor Effect on Catalytic Upgrading of Heavy Oil Inductively Heated with Steel Balls
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DOI：
10.3390/catal10040393
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发表时间：
2020-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Wood, Joseph
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hart, Abarasi;Adam, Mohamed;Wood, Joseph
该技术结合了原位催化升级工艺（CAPRI），可以同时在原位提取和升级稠油。本文报道了通过引入感应加热和h给体溶剂来增加CAPRI段的温度赤字和抑制结焦的研究。设计并研制了感应加热催化反应器，在NiMo/Al2O3催化剂（66% v/v）混合床中，用钢球加热至425℃，15 bar压力，0.75 h(-1) LHSV（液体小时空间速度）。采用氮气吸附-解吸法测定催化剂的比表面积、孔体积和孔径分布，采用x射线纳米计算机断层扫描（x射线纳米ct）分析废催化剂球团微观结构中焦炭沉积的位置。研究结果表明，感应加热改善了催化剂的性能，使升级后的油的API比重比传统加热方法提高了2.2度。在氮气、N-2和h -供体溶剂以及氢气环境下，升级后的原油API比重增加和粘度降低的规律可归纳为：十萘林> H-2气体>=四萘林> N-2气体。同时，对石脑油馏分、中馏分馏分的改善和对焦炭形成的抑制作用为：十萘林> H-2气>四萘林> N-2气。废催化剂的x射线纳米ct显示，由于外表面积炭和孔口堵塞，导致球团失活，表明催化剂内表面积未得到充分利用。
The Toe-to-Heel Air Injection (THAI) combined with catalytic upgrading process in situ (CAPRI) has demonstrated it can simultaneously extract and upgrade heavy oil in situ. This paper reports the investigation of augmenting temperature deficit and suppressing coke formation in the CAPRI section through the incorporation of induction heating and H-donor solvents. An induction-heated catalytic reactor was designed and developed, heated with steel balls in a mixed bed of NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst (66% v/v) to 425 degrees C temperature, 15 bar pressure and 0.75 h(-1) LHSV (Liquid Hourly Space Velocity). The catalyst surface area, pore volume and pore size distribution were determined by using nitrogen adsorption-desorption, while the location of coke deposits within the microstructure of the pelleted spent catalyst was analyzed with X-ray nano-Computed Tomography (X-ray nano-CT). Findings showed that induction heating improved the catalyst performance, resulting in a 2.2 degrees American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity increase of the upgraded oil over that achieved with the conventional heating method. The increment in API gravity and viscosity reduction in the upgraded oils with nitrogen gas only, N-2 and H-donor solvents, and hydrogen gas environments can be summarized as follows: decalin > H-2 gas >= tetralin > N-2 gas. Meanwhile, the improvement in naphtha fraction, middle distillate fractions and suppression of coke formation are as follows: decalin > H-2 gas > tetralin > N-2 gas. The X-ray nano-CT of the spent catalyst revealed that the pellet suffers deactivation due to coke deposit at the external surface and pore-mouth blockage, signifying underutilization of the catalyst interior surface area.