The regeneration blastema of lizards: an amniote model for the study of appendage replacement.
The regeneration blastema of lizards: an amniote model for the study of appendage replacement.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/reg2.31
复制
发表时间：
2015-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Vickaryous MK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gilbert EA;Delorme SL;Vickaryous MK
虽然爬行动物（包括鸟类和哺乳动物）能够替换某些组织，但完全的附肢再生是罕见的。也许最突出的例子是蜥蜴的尾巴。尾部丢失启动了一个自发的表型（芽基介导的）再生程序，导致功能齐全但结构不相同的替代。在这里，我们审查蜥蜴尾巴再生，特别关注芽基。在许多蜥蜴中，原始的尾巴已经进化出一系列的骨折平面，解剖学上的修改允许尾巴自我分离或自动切断。在尾部损失后，伤口部位被特化的伤口上皮覆盖，芽基在伤口上皮下发育。脊髓的一个分支，室管膜管，在控制再生尾巴的生长（和可能的模式）中起着关键作用。在某些物种中（例如，壁虎），芽基形成为增殖细胞的顶端聚集体，类似于有尾目和硬骨鱼的芽基。对于其他物种（例如，anoles）增殖芽基的鉴定不太明显，表明尾部再生蜥蜴的再生机制存在意想不到的多样性。
Although amniotes (reptiles, including birds, and mammals) are capable of replacing certain tissues, complete appendage regeneration is rare. Perhaps the most striking example is the lizard tail. Tail loss initiates a spontaneous epimorphic (blastema‐mediated) regenerative program, resulting in a fully functional but structurally non‐identical replacement. Here we review lizard tail regeneration with a particular focus on the blastema. In many lizards, the original tail has evolved a series of fracture planes, anatomical modifications that permit the tail to be self‐detached or autotomized. Following tail loss, the wound site is covered by a specialized wound epithelium under which the blastema develops. An outgrowth of the spinal cord, the ependymal tube, plays a key role in governing growth (and likely patterning) of the regenerate tail. In some species (e.g., geckos), the blastema forms as an apical aggregation of proliferating cells, similar to that of urodeles and teleosts. For other species (e.g., anoles) the identification of a proliferative blastema is less obvious, suggesting an unexpected diversity in regenerative mechanisms among tail‐regenerating lizards.