Note on information transfer rates in human communication
Note on information transfer rates in human communication
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DOI：
10.1162/105474698565893
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发表时间：
1998-10-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Durlach, NI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reed, CM;Durlach, NI
针对各种人类通信方法和接收方式估算了以比特/秒为单位的信息传输 (IT) 速率。使用先前发布的数据，为每种方法和模式建立了传输高度准确的通信速率范围。这些通信速率被转换为标准化的传输单位（字/秒）。然后使用 Shannon (1951) 对字母表中单个字母的信息内容进行计算，将标准化单位转换为 IT 速率的估计值（比特/秒）。对于语音（通过试听）以及阅读和手语（通过视觉），观察到的 IT 速率最大估计约为 40 至 60 位/秒。通过触觉进行阅读的最大速率大约低 50%。还考虑了电机输出任务的 IT 速率估计。通常在接收给定显示的 IT 速率和产生显示所需的电机输出任务的 IT 速率之间观察到密切的对应关系。这些结果通过提供人类在语言通信领域已实现的通信速率的示例，对合成环境系统的设计以及这些系统中使用的显示和控制具有影响。
Information-transfer (IT) rates in bits/sec were estimated for a variety of methods of human communication and modalities of reception. Using previously published data, a range of communication rates for which transmission is highly accurate was established for each method and modality. These communication rates were converted into a normalized unit of transmission (words/sec). The normalized units were then converted into estimates of IT rate (bits/sec) using Shannon's (1951) calculations of the information content of a single letter of the alphabet. Maximal estimates of IT rates of roughly 40 to 60 bits/sec are observed for speech (through audition) and for reading and sign language (through vision). Maximal rates roughly 50 percent lower are obtained for reading through the tactual sense. Estimates of IT rates for motor output tasks are also considered. A close correspondence is generally observed between IT rates for receiving a given display and IT rates for the motor output task required for producing the display. These results have implications for the design of synthetic-environment systems and the displays and controls to be used in these systems, by providing examples of communication rates that have been achieved by humans in the area of language communication.