Effects of Deep Reductions in Energy Storage Costs on Highly Reliable Wind and Solar Electricity Systems
Effects of Deep Reductions in Energy Storage Costs on Highly Reliable Wind and Solar Electricity Systems
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DOI：
10.1016/j.isci.2020.101484
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发表时间：
2020-09-25
期刊：
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Caldeira, Ken
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tong, Fan;Yuan, Mengyao;Caldeira, Ken
我们使用36年（1980-2015年）美国本土（CONUS）的每小时天气数据来评估低成本储能对仅使用可变可再生能源（VRE;风能和太阳能光伏）的高度可靠电力系统的影响。即使假设在CONUS上聚集的风能和太阳能发电的完美传输，在完全VRE电力系统中，能量存储成本也需要从当前成本降低数百倍（接近1美元/千瓦时），以产生高度可靠的电力，而不会大量削减VRE发电。储能的作用从与削减竞争的高成本存储，以填补VRE发电和小时需求之间的短期差距，转变为作为VRE资源季节性存储的近乎免费的存储。在VRE/存储系统中，储能面临着“双重惩罚”：随着容量的增加，（1）额外的存储使用频率降低，（2）每小时的电力成本将变得不那么波动，从而减少了额外存储的价格套利机会。
We use 36 years (1980-2015) of hourly weather data over the contiguous United States (CONUS) to assess the impact of low-cost energy storage on highly reliable electricity systems that use only variable renewable energy (VRE; wind and solar photovoltaics). Even assuming perfect transmission of wind and solar generation aggregated over CONUS, energy storage costs would need to decrease several hundred-fold from current costs (to similar to$1/kWh) in fully VRE electricity systems to yield highly reliable electricity without extensive curtailment of VRE generation. The role of energy storage changes from high-cost storage competing with curtailment to fill short-term gaps between VRE generation and hourly demand to near-free storage serving as seasonal storage for VRE resources. Energy storage faces "double penalties" in VRE/storage systems: with increasing capacity, (1) the additional storage is used less frequently and (2) hourly electricity costs would become less volatile, thus reducing price arbitrage opportunities for the additional storage.