Control of coordinatively unsaturated Zr sites in ZrO(2) for efficient C-H bond activation.

Control of coordinatively unsaturated Zr sites in ZrO(2) for efficient C-H bond activation.
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控制 ZrO2 中的配位不饱和 Zr 位点以实现有效的 C-H 键激活

DOI:
10.1038/s41467-018-06174-5
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发表时间:
2018-09-18
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Kondratenko EV
Kondratenko EV
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zhang Y;Zhao Y;Otroshchenko T;Lund H;Pohl MM;Rodemerck U;Linke D;Jiao H;Jiang G;Kondratenko EV

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由于非均相催化剂的复杂性,活性中心的识别和它们的实验设计的方式不是固有地简单,但对于定制的催化剂制备是重要的。本研究揭示了有效的C-H键活化C1-C4烷烃在ZrO 2的活性中心,不含任何金属或金属氧化物通常催化这一反应。量子化学计算表明,位于氧空位的两个Zr阳离子负责均裂C-H键的解离。该途径不同于用于烷烃活化的其他金属氧化物的报道,其中金属阳离子和相邻的晶格氧形成活性位点。ZrO 2中阴离子空位的浓度可以通过调节晶粒尺寸来控制。因此,设计的ZrO 2在非氧化丙烷脱氢中显示出工业相关的活性和耐久性,并且表现出上级于具有Pt、CrOx、GaOx或VOx物质的现有技术催化剂。由于其复杂性,识别活性中心和合理设计非均相催化剂并不是固有地简单。在这里,作者揭示了有效的C-H键活化C1-C4烷烃在裸露的ZrO 2的活性中心的性质,并提供控制其浓度的基础。
Due to the complexity of heterogeneous catalysts, identification of active sites and the ways for their experimental design are not inherently straightforward but important for tailored catalyst preparation. The present study reveals the active sites for efficient C–H bond activation in C1–C4 alkanes over ZrO2 free of any metals or metal oxides usually catalysing this reaction. Quantum chemical calculations suggest that two Zr cations located at an oxygen vacancy are responsible for the homolytic C–H bond dissociation. This pathway differs from that reported for other metal oxides used for alkane activation, where metal cation and neighbouring lattice oxygen form the active site. The concentration of anion vacancies in ZrO2 can be controlled through adjusting the crystallite size. Accordingly designed ZrO2 shows industrially relevant activity and durability in non-oxidative propane dehydrogenation and performs superior to state-of-the-art catalysts possessing Pt, CrOx, GaOx or VOx species. Identifying active sites and designing rationally heterogeneous catalysts are not inherently straightforward due to their complexity. Here, the authors reveal the nature of active sites for efficient C–H bond activation in C1-C4 alkanes over bare ZrO2 and provide fundamentals for controlling their concentration.
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