"Opting Out?" The effect of children on women's employment in the United States
"Opting Out?" The effect of children on women's employment in the United States
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DOI：
10.1080/13545700701716672
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Boushey, Heather
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boushey, Heather
在美国，最近一波大众媒体的关注焦点是，母亲们，尤其是30多岁受过高等教育的母亲，是否越来越多地“选择退出”就业。本文使用当前人口调查的年度社会和经济调查（ASEC）的数据来研究儿童是否会导致妇女退出就业。本文发现，自20世纪70年代末以来，“儿童效应”对妇女就业的影响有所下降。儿童效应在1979年为-21.8个百分点，在过去20年中一直下降到2005年的-12.7个百分点。在2000年至2005年期间，儿童效应从-11.1上升到-12.7，但这种变化在统计上是不显著的。最近妇女就业率的下降可能更多地是由于劳动力市场疲软对所有妇女、母亲和非母亲的影响，而不是由于母亲自愿选择退出就业的人数增加。
In the United States, a recent spate of popular media attention has focused on whether mothers, especially highly educated mothers in their thirties, are increasingly "opting out" of employment. This paper uses data from the Current Population Survey's Annual Social and Economic Survey (ASEC) to examine whether children cause women to exit employment. This paper finds that the "child effect" on women's employment has fallen since the end of the 1970s. The child effect was -21.8 percentage points in 1979 and has fallen consistently over the last two decades to -12.7 percentage points in 2005. Between 2000 and 2005, the child effect grew from -11.1 to -12.7, but the change was statistically insignificant. Recent declines in women's employment may be more an effect of the weak labor market for all women, mothers and non-mothers, rather than an increase in mothers voluntarily choosing to exit employment.