A Necessary Trade-off for Semiclassical Electrodynamics: Accurate Short-Range Coulomb Interactions versus the Enforcement of Causality?

A Necessary Trade-off for Semiclassical Electrodynamics: Accurate Short-Range Coulomb Interactions versus the Enforcement of Causality?
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半经典电动力学的必要权衡:准确的短程库仑相互作用与因果关系的执行?

DOI:
10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02309
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Subotnik, Joseph E.
Subotnik, Joseph E.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Li, Tao E.;Chen, Hsing-Ta;Nitzan, Abraham;Sukharev, Maxim;Subotnik, Joseph E.

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利用耦合的Maxwell-Liouville方程,我们研究了两对电子二能级系统(施主和受主)之间共振能量转移(RET)的两种典型的半经典方法。一方面,当对电磁场进行经典处理和对库仑相互作用进行量子力学处理时,我们发现量子-经典失配导致了因果关系的破坏,即受主可以在延迟的电磁场到达之前被激发。另一方面,如果引用经典的分子间库仑算符,我们发现与FöRster理论相比,近场中的能量传递失去了定量的准确性,即使严格遵守因果关系。因此,我们的工作在选择半经典电动力学算法时提出了一个基本的悖论。也就是说,哪个更重要:准确的短期互动还是长期因果关系?显然,一个人不能既有蛋糕又吃蛋糕。
We investigate two key representative semiclassical approaches for propagating resonant energy transfer (RET) between a pair of electronic two-level systems (donor and acceptor) with coupled Maxwell–Liouville equations. On the one hand, when the electromagnetic (EM) field is treated classically and Coulomb interactions are treated quantum-mechanically, we find that a quantum–classical mismatch leads to a violation of causality, i.e., the acceptor can be excited before the retarded EM field arrives. On the other hand, if we invoke a classical intermolecular Coulomb operator, we find that the energy transfer in the near field loses quantitative accuracy compared with Förster theory, even though causality is strictly obeyed. Thus, our work raises a fundamental paradox when choosing a semiclassical electrodynamics algorithm. Namely, which is more important: Accurate short-range interactions or long-range causality? Apparently, one cannot have one’s cake and eat it too.
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