Host autophagy machinery is diverted to the pathogen interface to mediate focal defense responses against the Irish potato famine pathogen.
Host autophagy machinery is diverted to the pathogen interface to mediate focal defense responses against the Irish potato famine pathogen.
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DOI：
10.7554/elife.37476
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发表时间：
2018-06-22
期刊：
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Bozkurt TO
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dagdas YF;Pandey P;Tumtas Y;Sanguankiattichai N;Belhaj K;Duggan C;Leary AY;Segretin ME;Contreras MP;Savage Z;Khandare VS;Kamoun S;Bozkurt TO
在植物细胞入侵过程中，卵菌致病疫霉（Phytophthora infestans）仍然被宿主来源的膜所包裹，其功能特性知之甚少。致病疫霉通过这些界面分泌大量效应蛋白用于植物定殖。最近，我们表明效应蛋白PexRD 54通过拮抗抗微生物自噬受体Joka 2/NBR 1与ATG 8 CL结合来重编程宿主选择性自噬（Dagdas et al.，2016年）。在这里，我们表明，在感染过程中，ATG 8 CL/Joka 2标记的防御相关的自噬体被转移到周围的微生物宿主膜，以限制病原体的生长。PexRD 54还定位于跨微生物周膜的自噬体，这与病原体通过选择宿主自噬机制来重塑宿主-微生物界面的观点一致。此外，我们发现宿主-病原体界面是自噬体生物发生的热点。值得注意的是，早期自噬体生物发生蛋白ATG 9的过表达增强了植物免疫力。我们的研究结果表明植物极化免疫反应中存在选择性自噬，并指出自噬的功能比广泛已知的降解作用更复杂。
During plant cell invasion, the oomycete Phytophthora infestans remains enveloped by host-derived membranes whose functional properties are poorly understood. P. infestans secretes a myriad of effector proteins through these interfaces for plant colonization. Recently we showed that the effector protein PexRD54 reprograms host-selective autophagy by antagonising antimicrobial-autophagy receptor Joka2/NBR1 for ATG8CL binding (Dagdas et al., 2016). Here, we show that during infection, ATG8CL/Joka2 labelled defense-related autophagosomes are diverted toward the perimicrobial host membrane to restrict pathogen growth. PexRD54 also localizes to autophagosomes across the perimicrobial membrane, consistent with the view that the pathogen remodels host-microbe interface by co-opting the host autophagy machinery. Furthermore, we show that the host-pathogen interface is a hotspot for autophagosome biogenesis. Notably, overexpression of the early autophagosome biogenesis protein ATG9 enhances plant immunity. Our results implicate selective autophagy in polarized immune responses of plants and point to more complex functions for autophagy than the widely known degradative roles.