ESTIMATES OF SOIL INGESTION BY WILDLIFE
ESTIMATES OF SOIL INGESTION BY WILDLIFE
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DOI：
10.2307/3809405
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发表时间：
1994-04-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
GEROULD, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BEYER, WN;CONNOR, EE;GEROULD, S
许多野生动物物种在觅食时摄取土壤，但只有少数物种的摄取率是已知的。了解摄取率对于环境污染物的研究可能很重要。野生动物可能会故意或无意地摄取土壤，当它们摄取含有土壤的饲料或动物时。在白足小鼠(Permyscus Leucopus)饲料中添加0~15%的土壤，研究土壤含量与白脚小白鼠粪便中酸不溶性灰分含量之间的关系。这种关系由一个方程来描述，该方程需要估计饲料中酸不溶灰分含量的百分比、饲料的消化率和土壤中的矿物质含量。我们收集了28种野生动物的粪便，方法是捕获动物，寻找合适的栖息地进行粪便采集，或从收集的动物的肠道中取出其他用途的物质。测定了粪便中酸不溶性灰分的含量，并用土壤摄入量方程估算了饲料的土壤含量。土壤摄入量估计数应仅考虑为近似值，因为它们取决于估计的消化率，而不是测量的消化率，而且一年中某一时间从当地种群采集的动物可能不能代表整个物种。琵琶(Calidris spp.)在淤泥或浅水中探查或啄食无脊椎动物，消耗的沉淀物占其食物的7%-30%。九带螳螂(Dasypus novemcinctus，土壤=17%的食物)、美洲林鸡(Scolopax Minor，10%)和浣熊(Procyon lotor，9%)对土壤的摄取率很高，可能是因为它们以土壤微生物为食。在所研究的食草动物中，野牛(Bison bison，7%)、黑尾草原犬(Cynomys ludovicianus，8%)和加拿大鹅(Branta canandsis，8%)消耗土壤的比例最高，而所研究的各种浏览器消耗的土壤最少。箱龟(TerRapene Carolina，4%)、负鼠(Didelphis virginiana，5%)、红狐(Vulpers vocpe，3%)和野生火鸡(Meleagris Gallopavo，9%)以中等比例消耗土壤。摄入的土壤可能是接触某些环境污染物的主要途径，也可能是某些矿物质的主要来源。可能需要估计土壤摄入量，以便对栖息在受污染地点的野生动物进行风险评估，并计算主要与土壤有关的养分的预算。
Many wildlife species ingest soil while feeding, but ingestion rates are known for only a few species. Knowing ingestion rates may be important for studies of environmental contaminants. Wildlife may ingest soil deliberately, or incidentally, when they ingest soil-laden forage or animals that contain soil. We fed white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) diets containing 0-15% soil to relate the dietary soil content to the acid-insoluble ash content of scat collected from the mice. The relation was described by an equation that required estimates of the percent acid-insoluble ash content of the diet, digestibility of the diet, and mineral content of soil. We collected scat from 28 wildlife species by capturing animals, searching appropriate habitats for scat, or removing material from the intestines of animals collected for other purposes. We measured the acid-insoluble ash content of the scat and estimated the soil content of the diets by using the soil-ingestion equation. Soil ingestion estimates should be considered only approximate because they depend on estimated rather than measured digestibility values and because animals collected from local populations at one time of the year may not represent the species as a whole. Sandpipers (Calidris spp.), which probe or peck for invertebrates in mud or shallow water, consumed sediments at a rate of 7-30% of their diets. Nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus, soil = 17% of diet), American woodcock (Scolopax minor, 10%), and raccoon (Procyon lotor, 9%) had high rates of soil ingestion, presumably because they ate soil organisms. Bison (Bison bison, 7%), black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus, 8%), and Canada geese (Branta canadensis, 8%) consumed soil at the highest rates among the herbivores studied, and various browsers studied consumed little soil. Box turtle (Terrapene carolina, 4%), opossum (Didelphis virginiana, 5%), red fox (Vulpes vulpes, 3%), and wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo, 9%) consumed soil at intermediate rates. Ingested soil may be the principal means of exposure to some environmental contaminants or the principal source of certain minerals. Soil-ingestion estimates may be required for risk assessments of wildlife inhabiting contaminated sites and for computing budgets of those nutrients associated mainly with soil.