Carrying a Biological "Backpack": Quasi-Experimental Effects of Weight Status and Body Fat Change on Perceived Steepness
Carrying a Biological "Backpack": Quasi-Experimental Effects of Weight Status and Body Fat Change on Perceived Steepness
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DOI：
10.1037/xhp0000137
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发表时间：
2016-03-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Eves, Frank F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Taylor-Covill, Guy A. H.;Eves, Frank F.
在外显知觉中，小山和楼梯的明显陡峭程度被高估了。这些高估是可塑性的，当生理资源受到损害时，表观陡度被进一步高估。对这些实验结果的另一种解释是将其归因于需求特征。本文测试了估计的陡度和身体成分自然发生的差异之间的关系。一项准实验性的实地研究显示，在实验需求无法解释任何差异的情况下，超重者的楼梯陡度报告比健康体重的参与者更为夸张。一项纵向随访研究使用双X射线吸收法客观地测量参与者在减肥计划开始和结束时的身体成分（N = 52）。在基线时，较高的体脂水平与楼梯陡峭度的明确估计相关。在随访时，体脂肪的变化与估计陡度的变化相关，因此脂肪量的损失与较浅的估计值同时发生。讨论的重点是在个人层面上的感知陡度的延展性和这些研究结果的意义的辩论周围的“体现”模型的感知。
The apparent steepness of hills and stairs is overestimated in explicit perception. These overestimations are malleable in that when physiological resources are compromised, apparent steepness is further overestimated. An alternative explanation of these experimental findings attributes them to demand characteristics. This article tests the relationship between estimated steepness and naturally occurring differences in body composition. A quasi-experimental field study revealed more exaggerated reports of staircase steepness in overweight than in healthy-weight participants in a situation where experimental demand would be an implausible explanation for any differences. A longitudinal follow-up study used dual X-ray absorptiometry to objectively measure participants' body composition at the beginning and end of a weight-loss program (N = 52). At baseline, higher levels of body fat were associated with steeper explicit estimates of staircase steepness. At follow-up, changes in body fat were associated with changes in estimated steepness such that a loss of fat mass co-occurred with shallower estimates. Discussion focuses on the malleability of perceived steepness at an individual level and the implication of these findings for the debate surrounding "embodied" models of perception.