BEING ALONE, PLAYING ALONE, AND ACTING ALONE - DISTINGUISHING AMONG RETICENCE AND PASSIVE AND ACTIVE SOLITUDE IN YOUNG-CHILDREN
BEING ALONE, PLAYING ALONE, AND ACTING ALONE - DISTINGUISHING AMONG RETICENCE AND PASSIVE AND ACTIVE SOLITUDE IN YOUNG-CHILDREN
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00739.x
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发表时间：
1994-02-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
STEWART, SL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
COPLAN, RJ;RUBIN, KH;STEWART, SL
研究人员对幼儿的三种孤独形式进行了研究——沉默（旁观和无所事事的行为）、孤独被动行为（孤独的建设性和探索性游戏）和孤独的主动行为（孤独的功能性和戏剧性游戏）。 48 名 4 岁儿童被分成四组，由不熟悉的同性同龄人组成，在几种情况下被观察到。母亲们完成了科罗拉多气质调查表。结果表明：（1）孤独-被动、孤独-主动和沉默行为之间不显着相关； （2）沉默是稳定的，并且与表现出焦虑和在他人附近徘徊有关，而单独-被动和单独-主动游戏是稳定的，但与焦虑和徘徊无关； (3) 自由玩耍期间的沉默通常与其他几种社交场合中表现不佳和表现出警惕有关，而单独被动和主动玩耍则不然； (4) 沉默寡言与母亲对孩子害羞的评价有关，而独处的活跃行为则与母亲对孩子冲动的评价有关。结果根据与沉默以及被动和主动退缩相关的潜在机制进行了讨论。
3 forms of solitude were studied in young children-reticence (onlooker and unoccupied behavior), solitary-passive behavior (solitary-constructive and -exploratory play), and solitary-active behavior (solitary-functional and -dramatic play). 48 4-year-old children grouped in quartets of same-sex unfamiliar peers were observed in several situations. Mothers completed the Colorado Temperament Inventory. Results indicated that (1) solitary-passive, solitary-active, and reticent behaviors were nonsignificantly intercorrelated; (2) reticence was stable and associated with the demonstration of anxiety and hovering near others, whereas solitary-passive and solitary-active play were stable yet unrelated to anxiety and hovering; (3) reticence during free play was generally associated with poor performance and displays of wariness in several other social situations, while solitary-passive and -active play were not; (4) reticence was associated with maternal ratings of child shyness, while solitary-active behavior was associated with maternal ratings of impulsivity. Results are discussed in terms of the underlying mechanisms associated with reticence and passive and active withdrawal.