Are compact cities environmentally friendly?
Are compact cities environmentally friendly?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jue.2012.04.001
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发表时间：
2012-09-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Thisse, Jacques-Francois
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gaigne, Carl;Riou, Stephane;Thisse, Jacques-Francois
国际机构和国家政府之间达成了广泛的共识，赞成紧凑（即人口稠密）的城市作为改善交通系统生态性能的一种方式。事实上，如果同时考虑到城市间和城市内的活动分布，人口密度越高，城市就越有利于环境，因为平均通勤时间会缩短。然而，当我们考虑到城市内部和城市之间的活动可能因人口密度的增加而迁移时，后者可能不再成立。事实上，增加密度的政策会影响价格、工资和地租，这反过来又会激励企业和家庭搬迁。这就以一种可能产生更高污染水平的方式重塑了城市系统。因此，虽然在给定地点的情况下，增加紧凑性对环境是可取的，但在考虑到这种政策产生的一般均衡效应时，紧凑性可能对环境不利。(C)2012年由Elsevier Inc.出版
There is a wide consensus among international institutions and national governments in favor of compact (i.e. densely populated) cities as a way to improve the ecological performance of the transport system. Indeed, when both the intercity and intra-urban distributions of activities are given, a higher population density makes cities more environmentally friendly because the average commuting length is reduced. However, when we account for the possible relocation of activities within and between cities in response to a higher population density, the latter may cease to hold. Indeed, an increasing-density policy affects prices, wages and land rents, which in turn incentivizes firms and households to change place. This reshapes the urban system in a way that may generate a higher level of pollution. Thus, although an increase in compactness is environmentally desirable when locations are given, compactness may not be environmentally-friendly when one accounts for the general equilibrium effects generated by such a policy. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Inc.