Asthma and the Achievement Gap Among Urban Minority Youth
Asthma and the Achievement Gap Among Urban Minority Youth
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1746-1561.2011.00634.x
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发表时间：
2011-10-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Basch, Charles E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Basch, Charles E.
目的：概述学龄期城市少数民族青少年哮喘的患病率和差异，控制不良的哮喘对学业成绩产生不利影响的因果途径，以及学校解决这些问题的已证实或有希望的方法。方法：文献复习。结果：哮喘是影响美国年轻人的最常见慢性疾病；近1000万18岁以下青年（14%）得到了诊断，680万（9%）患有活动性哮喘。黑人儿童的年平均患病率估计比白人儿童高约45%(12.8%比8.8%)，哮喘发作的年平均估计也高（8.4%比5.8%）。城市少数民族青年控制不佳的哮喘患病率高，过度使用急诊科和有效药物使用不足就是证据。控制不良的哮喘对认知、与学校的联系和缺勤有功能性影响。典型的哮喘项目包括管理和支持系统、学校健康和心理健康服务、哮喘教育、健康的学校环境、体育教育和活动，以及学校、家庭和社区努力的协调。结论：哮喘，更重要的是，控制不良的哮喘在学龄城市少数民族青少年中发病率很高且不成比例，通过对认知、学校联系和缺勤的影响对学业成绩产生负面影响，学校可以采取有效措施来解决这一问题。为了减少控制不良的哮喘对学习的不利影响，必须采取多方面的方法来控制和预防哮喘，其中学校能够而且必须发挥核心作用。
OBJECTIVES: To outline the prevalence and disparities of asthma among school-aged urban minority youth, causal pathways through which poorly controlled asthma adversely affects academic achievement, and proven or promising approaches for schools to address these problems.METHODS: Literature review.RESULTS: Asthma is the most common chronic disease affecting youth in the United States; almost 10 million youth under 18 (14%) have received a diagnosis and 6.8 million (9%) have active asthma. Average annual prevalence estimates were approximately 45% higher for Black versus White children (12.8% vs. 8.8%), as were average annual estimates of asthma attacks (8.4% vs. 5.8%). Urban minority youth have highly elevated prevalence of poorly controlled asthma as evidenced by overuse of emergency departments and under-use of efficacious medications. Poorly controlled asthma has functional consequences on cognition, connectedness with school, and absenteeism. Exemplary asthma programs include management and support systems, school health and mental health services, asthma education, healthy school environments, physical education and activity, and coordination of school, family, and community efforts.CONCLUSIONS: Asthma and, more importantly, poorly controlled asthma are highly and disproportionately prevalent among school-aged urban minority youth, has a negative impact on academic achievement through its effects on cognition, school connectedness, and absenteeism, and effective practices are available for schools to address this problem. To reduce the adverse effects of poorly controlled asthma on learning, a multifaceted approach to asthma control and prevention in which schools can and must play a central role is essential.