Immunization coverage of 12-23 months old children and associated factors in Jigjiga District, Somali National Regional State, Ethiopia
Immunization coverage of 12-23 months old children and associated factors in Jigjiga District, Somali National Regional State, Ethiopia
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2458-14-865
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发表时间：
2014-08-22
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Sharma, Hardeep Rai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mohamud, Abdi Nur;Feleke, Amsalu;Sharma, Hardeep Rai
背景资料：埃塞俄比亚的免疫覆盖率低于预防世界卫生组织扩大免疫方案所针对的八种目标疾病传播所需的群体免疫水平。特别是，该国索马里地区的免疫覆盖率仍然是迄今为止最低的。为了解吉吉加区城乡12~23月龄儿童免疫接种率及其影响因素，采用社区横断面调查方法，对吉吉加区2个城区和4个农村病区582户12~23月龄儿童进行了调查。这些数据是通过基于预先测试和结构化问卷的访谈以及对疫苗接种卡的审查从母亲或照顾者那里收集的。使用SPSS 16版本处理数据。结果：74.6%的儿童接种过疫苗，36.6%的儿童完全接种过疫苗;卡介苗卡片评估免疫接种率为41.8%，而口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗零、口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗一/五价1、口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗二/五价2、口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗三/五价3和麻疹的接种率分别为10.4%、41.1%、33.9%、27.5%和24.9%。母亲识字率（AOR = 3.06，95% CI = 1.64，571），破伤风类毒素疫苗（AOR = 2.43，95% CI = 1.56，3.77），分娩地点（AOR = 2.02，95% CI = 1.24，3.28），居住地（AOR = 2.04，95% CI = 1.33，3.13），以及卫生工作者的家庭访视（AOR = 1.92，95% CI = 1.17，3.16）是影响全程免疫的因素。因此，为了提高免疫覆盖率，减少错失机会的发生率，应促进在保健机构分娩，加强保健机构的推广活动，并鼓励母亲更多地利用保健服务。
Background: Immunization coverage in Ethiopia is less than the herd immunity level desired to prevent the spread of eight target diseases targeted by the World Health Organization's Expanded Program of Immunization. In particular, the Somali region of the country still has by far the lowest level of immunization coverage. The object] e of this study was to measure the immunization coverage of 12 23 months old children and associated factors in the urban and rural areas of Jigjiga district.Methods: A community based cross-sectional survey was conducted in 582 households with 12 23 months old children in two urban and four rural wards. The data were collected from mothers or caregivers through interviews based on pretested and structured questionnaires and from the review of vaccination cards. Data were processed using SPSS version 16. To identify factors associated with the immunization status of children, bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were worked out and the Hoshmer and Lemeshow's goodness-of-fit was used to assess the fitness of multiple logistic regression model.Results: Three fourth (74.6%) of the children surveyed were ever vaccinated, whereas 36.6% were fully vaccinated. The immunization coverage rate from card assessment for Bacillus Calmette-Guerin was 41.8%, while for Oral Polio Vaccine Zero, Oral Polio Vaccine One /Pentavalent1, Oral Polio Vaccine Two /Pentavalent2, Oral Polio Vaccine Three /Pentavalent3, and measles were 10.4%, 41.1%, 33.9%, 27.5%, and 24.9%, respectively. Maternal literacy (AOR = 3.06, 95% Cl = 1.64, 571), Tetanus Toxoid Vaccine (AOR = 2.43, 95% Cl = 1.56, 3.77), place of delivery (AOR= 2.02, 95% Cl = 1.24, 3.28), place of residence (AOR = 2.04, 95% Cl = 1.33, 3.13), and household visits by health workers (AOR =1.92, 95% Cl = 1.17, 3.16), were found to be factors significantly associated with full immunization in the multivariate logistic regression analysis.Conclusions: The overall immunization coverage was found to be low. Hence, to increase the immunization coverage and reduce the incidences of missed opportunity, delivery in the health institution should be promoted, the outreach activities of the health institutions should be strengthened and greater utilization of health services by mothers should be encouraged.