Fat intake of children in relation to energy requirements
Fat intake of children in relation to energy requirements
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/ajcn/72.5.1246s
复制
发表时间：
2000-11-01
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Butte, NF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Butte, NF
根据儿童的能量需求讨论了儿童的最佳脂肪摄入量。总能量需求是根据总能量支出 (TEE) 和生长能量成本的双标记水研究估算的。基础代谢率 (BMR) 是通过使用 Schofield 等人的方程或通过间接量热法根据体重计算得出的。活动能量消耗和体力活动水平分别计算为 TEE - BMR 和 TEE/BMR。在健康、活跃的儿童中，维持和生长所需的体重特定能量需求与体力活动所需能量的增加成反比。婴儿的总能量需求从1个月时的1.4 MJ/天增加到24个月时的4.0 MJ/天。在生命的前 24 个月内，生长的能源成本从总需求的 37-38% 急剧下降至 2%。女孩的能量需求从 2 岁时的 4 MJ/天增加到 18 岁时的 11 MJ/天，男孩的能量需求从 5 MJ/天增加到 15 MJ/天。儿童期和青春期生长的能量成本占总能量需求的 1% 到 4% 不等。目前建议 2 岁以上儿童 30% 的能量来自膳食脂肪，足以保证其充分生长。脂肪摄入量较低可能与维生素和矿物质摄入不足以及生长不良的风险增加有关。尽管针对儿童的现有数据相互矛盾，但高脂肪饮食可能会导致更高的能量摄入和更高的体脂。在婴儿期之后，儿童可以通过 30% 来自脂肪的能量的饮食来满足维持、体力活动和生长的能量需求。
The optimal fat intake for children is discussed in light of their energy requirements. Total energy requirements were estimated from doubly labeled water studies of total energy expenditure (TEE) and the energy cost of growth. Basal metabolic rates (BMRs) were calculated from weight by using the equations of Schofield et al or by indirect calorimetry. Activity energy expenditure and physical activity levels were calculated as TEE - BMR and TEE/BMR, respectively. Weight-specific energy requirements for maintenance and growth changed inversely to the increased energy needed for physical activity in healthy, active children. The total energy requirements of infants increased from 1.4 MJ/d at 1 mo to 4.0 MJ/d at 24 mo. The energy cost of growth decreased sharply from 37-38% to 2% of the total requirement during the first 24 mo of Life. Energy requirements increased from 4 MJ/d at 2 y to 11 MJ/d at 18 y in girls and from 5 to 15 MJ/d in boys. The energy cost of growth varied between 1% and 4% of total energy requirements in childhood and adolescence. The current recommendation of 30% of energy from dietary fat for children aged >2 y is sufficient for adequate growth. Lower fat intakes may be associated with inadequate vitamin and mineral intakes and increased risk of poor growth. Diets higher in fat may lead to higher energy intakes and higher body fat, although available data for children are conflicting. Beyond infancy, children can meet their energy needs for maintenance, physical activity, and growth from a diet providing 30% of energy from fat.