Walleye Ogaawag Spearing in the Portage Waterway, Michigan: Integrating Mixed Methodology for Insight on an Important Tribal Fishery
Walleye Ogaawag Spearing in the Portage Waterway, Michigan: Integrating Mixed Methodology for Insight on an Important Tribal Fishery
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密歇根州波蒂奇水道中的白斑眼鱼奥加瓦格 (Walleye Ogaawag) 叉鱼：整合混合方法以洞察重要的部落渔业
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发表时间：
2020
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通讯作者：
Nicholas Gehring
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作者：
A. Kozich;Valoree S. Gagnon;Gene Mensch;Sophia Michels;Nicholas Gehring
密歇根州上半岛的波蒂奇水道支持基韦诺湾印第安人社区(KBIC)传统的Anishnaabe walleye(或Anishnaaabe语言中的ogawag)长矛捕捞。通过保留的印度条约捕鱼权，KBIC高度参与航道的管理和年度社区鱼叉捕捞。部落领导人和渔业人员早就证明，每年的收成远远低于可持续的配额。这项研究的目的是1)了解KBIC部落成员对Anishnaabe walleye(Ogawag)鱼叉捕捞的价值观和关切，2)检查2018年春季收获期间的水温模式，以寻求关于如何优化收获的见解，以及3)将Anishinaabe gikendaasowin或传统知识与科学和教育相结合。我们在2018年2月进行了一项包含27个问题的在线调查，以初步了解KBIC对一年一度的Walleye(Ogawag)鱼叉收获的看法。几乎所有受访者都高度重视以个人名义和代表社区的方式收获鱼叉的传统。同样，几乎所有人都同意，KBIC管理自己的渔业资源很重要，部落的自然资源部有效地做到了这一点。受访者还表达了对可能影响他们收成的因素的担忧，包括环境变化和与非土著居民的对抗。从2018年5月1日至5月19日，我们在波蒂奇水道部署了13台Hobo Pro V2温度数据记录仪，以测量鱼叉捕鱼热门地点的春季变暖模式。这段时间涵盖了整个KBIC鱼叉收获季节，数据记录器每两小时记录一次水温。温度数据显示，对收获季节的管理可能需要修改，因为主要进行鱼叉捕鱼的海湾和泥滩比水道的其他部分明显更早变暖。由于浅水中大眼鱼(Ogawag)的存在取决于温度，因此航道的某些部分应该提前开放进行收获。我们的发现将被准备在KBIC领导层的一份正式建议中，以努力增加依赖大眼鼠(Ogawag)作为神圣和传统食物来源的部落社区的收成。
The Portage Waterway in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula supports traditional Anishnaabe walleye (or ogaawag in the Anishnaabe language) spear-harvesting for the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community (KBIC). Through reserved Indian treaty fishing rights, KBIC is highly involved in the waterway’s stewardship and annual community spear-harvest. Tribal leadership and fisheries personnel have long documented that annual harvests are far below sustainable quotas. The objectives of this research were to 1) understand the values and concerns of KBIC tribal members on Anishnaabe walleye (ogaawag) spear-harvesting, 2) examine water temperature patterns during the spring 2018 harvest to seek insight on how harvests may be optimized, and 3) integrate Anishinaabe gikendaasowin or traditional knowledge with science and education. We conducted an online survey in February 2018, containing 27 questions, to gain preliminary insight on KBIC’s perspectives of the annual walleye (ogaawag) spear-harvest. Nearly all respondents highly value the spear-harvest tradition personally and on behalf of the community. Similarly, nearly all agreed that it is important for the KBIC to manage its own fishery resources, and that the Tribe’s Natural Resources Department effectively does so. Respondents also expressed concerns about factors that could impact their harvests, including environmental changes and confrontations with non-Native residents. From May 1 to May 19, 2018, we deployed 13 Onset HOBO Pro V2 temperature dataloggers across the Portage Waterway to measure spring warming patterns in locations popular for spear-fishing. This period encompassed the entire KBIC spear-harvest season, with dataloggers recording water temperature every two hours. Temperature data show that management of the harvest season may need revision, as embayments and sloughs where spear-fishing largely occurs warmed significantly earlier than other parts of the waterway. As the presence of walleye (ogaawag) in shallow waters depends on temperature, some parts of the waterway should be opened for harvesting earlier. Our findings will be prepared in a formal recommendation for KBIC leadership in efforts to increase harvests for the Tribal community that rely on walleye (ogaawag) as a sacred and traditional food source.