Early-life effects of juvenile Western diet and exercise on adult gut microbiome composition in mice
Early-life effects of juvenile Western diet and exercise on adult gut microbiome composition in mice
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DOI：
10.1242/jeb.239699
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发表时间：
2021-02-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Garland, Theodore
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
McNamara, Monica P.;Singleton, Jennifer M.;Garland, Theodore
由饮食变化、抗生素消耗等引起的肠道微生物组改变，会影响宿主功能。此外，在关键发育期对微生物组的干扰可能对宿主产生长期影响。使用四个选择性繁殖的高跑者和四个非选择的对照系小鼠，我们通过对细菌肠道群落的高变内转录间隔区进行测序，研究了早期饮食和运动操作对成年微生物组的影响。来自高跑步者品系的小鼠在轮子上的跑步量是对照组的3倍，并且具有其他几种表型差异（例如更高的食物消耗和体温），这些差异可能会改变微生物组，无论是急性还是共同进化。第76代的雄性从断奶到6周龄的性成熟期间给予轮子和/或西方饮食。然后单独饲养，不带轮子，以标准饮食喂养，直到14周龄，此时采集粪便样品。在8周的洗脱期（相当于人类6年）后，青少年西方饮食减少了细菌的丰富度和多样性。我们还发现了遗传系类型，青少年饮食和/或青少年运动对微生物组组成和多样性的相互作用。微生物群落结构聚类显着的关系线类型和饮食。西方饮食也减少了Muribaculum pecuinale的相对丰度。这些结果构成了青少年饮食在大量洗脱期后对成年微生物组具有长期影响的首批报告之一。此外，我们还发现了饮食与早期运动暴露的相互作用，以及这些影响对遗传背景的依赖性。
Alterations to the gut microbiome caused by changes in diet, consumption of antibiotics, etc., can affect host function. Moreover, perturbation of the microbiome during critical developmental periods potentially has long-lasting impacts on hosts. Using four selectively bred high runner and four non-selected control lines of mice, we examined the effects of early-life diet and exercise manipulations on the adult microbiome by sequencing the hypervariable internal transcribed spacer region of the bacterial gut community. Mice from high runner lines run similar to 3-fold more on wheels than do controls, and have several other phenotypic differences (e.g. higher food consumption and body temperature) that could alter the microbiome, either acutely or in terms of coevolution. Males from generation 76 were given wheels and/or a Western diet from weaning until sexual maturity at 6 weeks of age. then housed individually without wheels on standard diet until 14 weeks of age, when fecal samples were taken. Juvenile Western diet reduced bacterial richness and diversity after the 8-week washout period (equivalent to similar to 6 human years). We also found interactive effects of genetic line type, juvenile diet and/or juvenile exercise on microbiome composition and diversity. Microbial community structure clustered significantly in relation to both line type and diet. Western diet also reduced the relative abundance of Muribaculum intestinale. These results constitute one of the first reports of juvenile diet having long-lasting effects on the adult microbiome after a substantial washout period. Moreover, we found interactive effects of diet with early-life exercise exposure, and a dependence of these effects on genetic background.