Hindbrain V2a Neurons in the Excitation of Spinal Locomotor Circuits during Zebrafish Swimming
Hindbrain V2a Neurons in the Excitation of Spinal Locomotor Circuits during Zebrafish Swimming
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2013.03.066
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发表时间：
2013-05-20
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Higashijima, Shin-ichi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kimura, Yukiko;Satou, Chie;Higashijima, Shin-ichi
工作背景：在脊椎动物的运动过程中，后脑中的网状脊髓神经元在向脊髓运动系统提供下行兴奋中起着关键作用。然而，尽管已经鉴定了许多用于对后脑神经元的神经元身份进行分类的基因，但对关键参与运动驱动的网状脊髓神经元的分子身份还没有很好地理解。Chx10表达神经元（V2a神经元）是脊髓和后脑中同侧投射的神经元。许多V2a神经元在后脑被称为项目的脊髓在斑马鱼，使后脑V2a神经元的下降运动drive.Results的主要候选人：我们调查的作用，后脑V2a神经元使用光遗传学和电生理学的方法。强迫激活的后脑V2a神经元使用channelrhodopsin有效地诱发游泳，而强迫失活他们使用archearhodopsin3或Halorhodpsin可靠地停止正在进行的游泳。两个群体的后脑网状脊髓V2a神经元的电生理记录表明，他们在游泳过程中活跃。一个人口的神经元，小V2a神经元在尾部后脑，发射低节奏，而其他人口的神经元，大reticulospinal V2a神经元，称为MiV1神经元，发射更多的节奏。结论：这些结果表明，后脑reticulospinal V2a神经元在提供兴奋的脊髓运动回路在游泳过程中起着至关重要的作用，通过提供紧张和相位输入的电路。
Background: During locomotion in vertebrates, reticulospinal neurons in the hindbrain play critical roles in providing descending excitation to the spinal cord locomotor systems. However, despite the fact that many genes that are used to classify the neuronal identities of neurons in the hindbrain have been identified, the molecular identity of the reticulospinal neurons that are critically involved in locomotor drive is not well understood. Chx10-expressing neurons (V2a neurons) are ipsilaterally projecting glutamatergic neurons in the spinal cord and the hindbrain. Many of the V2a neurons in the hindbrain are known to project to the spinal cord in zebrafish, making hindbrain V2a neurons a prime candidate in descending locomotor drive.Results: We investigated the roles of hindbrain V2a neurons using optogenetic and electrophysiological approaches. The forced activation of hindbrain V2a neurons using channelrhodopsin efficiently evoked swimming, whereas the forced inactivation of them using Archearhodopsin3 or Halorhodpsin reliably stopped ongoing swimming. Electrophysiological recordings of two populations of hindbrain reticulospinal V2a neurons showed that they were active during swimming. One population of neurons, small V2a neurons in the caudal hindbrain, fired with low rhythmicity, whereas the other population of neurons, large reticulospinal V2a neurons, called MiV1 neurons, fired more rhythmically.Conclusions: These results indicated that hindbrain reticulospinal V2a neurons play critical roles in providing excitation to the spinal locomotor circuits during swimming by providing both tonic and phasic inputs to the circuits.