Cognitive consequences of cannabis use: Comparison with abuse of stimulants and heroin with regard to attention, memory and executive functions
Cognitive consequences of cannabis use: Comparison with abuse of stimulants and heroin with regard to attention, memory and executive functions
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DOI：
10.1016/j.pbb.2005.02.017
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发表时间：
2005-06-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Lundqvist, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lundqvist, T
本文旨在比较大麻，兴奋剂和海洛因之间的认知后果的注意力，记忆和执行功能。利用脑成像技术和神经心理学测试进行的现有研究表明，所有药物都会在神经心理网络中造成严重的不协调，导致负责短期记忆和注意力的区域的活动减少，海洛因可能除外。大麻在中毒期间会引起内部控制的丧失和认知障碍，特别是注意力和记忆力。大量使用大麻与注意力/执行系统的功能降低有关，表现为精神灵活性降低，持续性增加和学习减少，以转移和/或维持注意力。最近对安非他明/甲基安非他明的调查记录了学习、延迟回忆、处理速度和工作记忆的缺陷。MDMA使用者在将信息编码到长期记忆中时表现出困难，表现出语言学习受损，更容易分心，并且在将注意力集中在复杂任务上时效率较低。执行功能损害的程度随着使用的严重程度而增加，并且随着时间的推移，损害相对持久。长期可卡因使用者的注意力、学习、记忆、反应时间和认知灵活性都会受损。海洛因成瘾可能对冲动控制和选择性加工产生负面影响。(c)2005年爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
This review aims to compare cognitive consequence between cannabis, and stimulants and heroin with regards to attention, memory and executive functions. The available studies using brain imaging techniques and neuropsychological tests show that acutely, all drugs create a disharmony in the neuropsychological network, causing a decrease of activity in areas responsible for short-term memory and attention, with the possible exception of heroin. Cannabis induces loss of internal control and cognitive impairment, especially of attention and memory, for the duration of intoxication. Heavy cannabis use is associated with reduced function of the attentional/executive system, as exhibited by decreased mental flexibility, increased perserveration, and reduced learning, to shift and/or sustain attention. Recent investigations on amphetamine/methamphetamine have documented deficits in learning, delayed recall, processing speed, and working memory. MDMA users exhibit difficulties in coding information into long-term memory, display impaired verbal learning, are more easily distracted, and are less efficient at focusing attention on complex tasks. The degree of executive impairment increases with the severity of use, and the impairments are relatively lasting over time. Chronic cocaine users display impaired attention, learning, memory, reaction time and cognitive flexibility. Heroin addiction may have a negative effect on impulse control, and selective processing. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.