Modeling Trajectories of Sensation Seeking and Impulsivity Dimensions from Early to Late Adolescence: Universal Trends or Distinct Sub-groups?
Modeling Trajectories of Sensation Seeking and Impulsivity Dimensions from Early to Late Adolescence: Universal Trends or Distinct Sub-groups?
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DOI：
10.1007/s10964-018-0891-9
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发表时间：
2018-09-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Hurt, Hallam
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Khurana, Atika;Romer, Daniel;Hurt, Hallam
发育失衡模型将青春期冒险行为的增加归因于奖励敏感性上升和认知控制滞后之间的普遍失衡。这项研究测试了另一种寿命智慧模型的预测，该模型区分了探索性/适应性（例如，感觉寻求）和适应不良（例如，不假思索地行动、延迟贴现）冒险倾向，并将后者归因于认知控制较弱的青少年子集。对来自 387 名青少年（52% 为女性；平均年龄为 11-18 岁）的六波数据进行的潜在轨迹建模揭示了不同的亚组，这些亚组在不假思索地行动和延迟折扣方面具有异质的轨迹模式。只有那些认知控制较弱的轨迹组，即“高增长”的无思考行动和“高稳定”延迟贴现，才能预测适应不良的冒险结果，即物质使用障碍。感觉寻求表现出普遍的峰值，但高水平的感觉寻求与认知控制能力弱无关，也与控制冲动的物质使用障碍无关。研究结果表明，适应不良的冒险行为的特征是对奖励驱动的冲动的认知控制较弱，这种现象仅限于一部分年轻人。
Developmental imbalance models attribute the rise in risk-taking during adolescence to a universal imbalance between rising reward sensitivity and lagging cognitive control. This study tested predictions of an alternate Lifespan Wisdom Model that distinguishes between exploratory/adaptive (e.g., sensation seeking) and maladaptive (e.g., acting-without-thinking, delay discounting) risk-taking propensities and attributes the latter to a sub-set of youth with weak cognitive control. Latent trajectory modeling of six waves of data from 387 adolescents (52% females; spanning average ages of 11-18 years) revealed distinct sub-groups with heterogeneous trajectory patterns for acting-without-thinking and delay-discounting. Only those trajectory groups with weak cognitive control, characterized as "high-increasing" acting-without thinking and "high-stable" delay discounting were predictive of a maladaptive risk-taking outcome, namely substance use disorder. Sensation seeking demonstrated a universal peak, but high levels of sensation seeking were not associated with weakness in cognitive control and were unrelated to substance use disorder, controlling for impulsivity. The findings suggest that maladaptive risk-taking characterized by weak cognitive control over reward-driven impulses is a phenomenon limited to only a sub-set of youth.