The feedback-related negativity (FRN) revisited: New insights into the localization, meaning and network organization
The feedback-related negativity (FRN) revisited: New insights into the localization, meaning and network organization
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.028
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Brem, Silvia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hauser, Tobias U.;Iannaccone, Reto;Brem, Silvia
应对突发事件的变化需要调整对行为结果的假设。这种适应过程是由奖励预测误差（RPE）信号驱动的，这些信号反映了预期的不足。已知类似RPE的信号由投射到纹状体和额叶区域的中脑多巴胺神经元编码。虽然已经确定了处理RPE的区域，例如背侧前扣带皮层（dACC），但只有间接证据将人类RPE处理的时间和网络组织联系起来。在以其高时间分辨率而闻名的脑电图中，反馈相关负波（FRN）被认为反映了RPE加工。然而，最近的研究表明，FRN可能反映了惊喜，这将对应于绝对的，而不是有符号的RPE信号。此外，FRN的本地化仍然是一个有争议的问题。在这项同步EEG功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究中，我们直接使用fMRI的上级空间分辨率定位FRN，而不依赖于任何空间约束或其他假设。使用两种不同的单次试验方法，我们始终在dACC内发现了一个簇。一项分析揭示了显着网络的额外激活。此外，我们评估了有符号的RPE和惊喜信号对FRN振幅的影响。我们认为，这两个信号通常是相关的，并发现只有惊喜信号调制FRN振幅。最后，我们使用动态因果模型（DCM）探索了RPE信号的通路。我们发现，惊喜信号直接投射到FRN的源区域。这一发现与早期关于FRN网络组织的理论相矛盾，但与最近的一个理论相一致，该理论指出多巴胺神经元也编码类似于神经元的显着性信号。我们的发现至关重要地推进了对FRN的理解。我们发现了令人信服的证据表明FRN起源于dACC。此外，我们阐明了FRN的功能作用，并确定了dACC在RPE网络中的作用。这些发现应该使我们能够研究的惊喜和调整信号的处理在健康和精神病患者的dACC。(C)2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Changes in response contingencies require adjusting ones assumptions about outcomes of behaviors. Such adaptation processes are driven by reward prediction error (RPE) signals which reflect the inadequacy of expectations. Signals resembling RPEs are known to be encoded by mesencephalic dopamine neurons projecting to the striatum and frontal regions. Although regions that process RPEs, such as the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), have been identified, only indirect evidence links timing and network organization of RPE processing in humans. In electroencephalography (EEG), which is well known for its high temporal resolution, the feedback-related negativity (FRN) has been suggested to reflect RPE processing. Recent studies, however, suggested that the FRN might reflect surprise, which would correspond to the absolute, rather than the signed RPE signals. Furthermore, the localization of the FRN remains a matter of debate. In this simultaneous EEG-functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we localized the FRN directly using the superior spatial resolution of fMRI without relying on any spatial constraint or other assumption. Using two different single-trial approaches, we consistently found a cluster within the dACC. One analysis revealed additional activations of the salience network. Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of signed RPEs and surprise signals on the FRN amplitude. We considered that both signals are usually correlated and found that only surprise signals modulate the FRN amplitude. Last, we explored the pathway of RPE signals using dynamic causal modeling (DCM). We found that the surprise signals are directly projected to the source region of the FRN. This finding contradicts earlier theories about the network organization of the FRN, but is in line with a recent theory stating that dopamine neurons also encode surprise-like saliency signals. Our findings crucially advance the understanding of the FRN. We found compelling evidence that the FRN originates from the dACC. Furthermore, we clarified the functional role of the FRN, and determined the role of the dACC within the RPE network. These findings should enable us to study the processing of surprise and adjustment signals in the dACC in healthy and also in psychiatric patients. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.