Thyroid hormone metabolism and peroxidase function in two non-chordate animals
Thyroid hormone metabolism and peroxidase function in two non-chordate animals
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DOI：
10.1002/jez.b.21113
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发表时间：
2006-11-15
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Moroz, Leonid L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Heyland, Andreas;Price, David A.;Moroz, Leonid L.
在哺乳动物中，甲状腺激素（TH）信号传导对于代谢控制、分化和稳态是必需的。这些激素也参与两栖动物和七鳃鳗的变态调节，并在基础脊索动物中发挥作用。越来越多的证据支持TH相关的功能，不仅在基底脊索动物，如尾索动物和头索动物，但也在其他无脊椎动物群体。然而，TH功能的调节机制，包括这些群体内源性激素合成的机制基本上是未知的。我们的数据提供了证据的内源TH合成的海兔Aaprisia californica和海胆Lytechinus uariegatus的基础上薄层色谱。药理实验表明，这些激素加速发育到变态，特别是影响海胆幼年骨骼结构的形成。此外，我们还鉴定了两个新的过氧化物酶基因（LvTPO，来自L. uariegatus和A. californica）显示出与过氧化物酶和甲状腺过氧化物酶（在所有脊椎动物中发现的关键TH合成酶）的高度序列相似性。这些转录本的空间和时间表达模式表明LvTPO和LvTPO在各种过程中的作用，如发育到变态和调节动物的能量。我们讨论了我们的新发现的背景下，TH合成和TH信号在非脊索动物的进化。
In mammals, thyroid hormone (TH) signaling is essential for metabolic control, differentiation and homeostasis. These hormones are also involved in the regulation of metamorphosis in amphibians and lampreys and a role in basal chordates has been suggested. Increasing evidence supports TH-related function not only in basal chordates such as urochordates and cephalochordates but also in other invertebrate groups. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying TH function including the mechanisms of endogenous synthesis of hormones in these groups are essentially unknown. Our data provide evidence for endogenous TH synthesis in the sea hare Aplysia californica and the sea urchin Lytechinus uariegatus based on thin layer chromatography. Pharmacological experiments show that these hormones accelerate development to metamorphosis and specifically affect the formation of juvenile skeletal structures in the sea urchin. Furthermore, we identified two new peroxidase genes (LvTPO from L. uariegatus and AcaTPO from A. californica) showing high sequence similarity with peroxidasin and thyroid peroxidases (the critical TH synthesis enzymes found in all vertebrates). Spatial and temporal expression patterns of these transcripts suggest a role of LvTPO and AcaTPO in a variety of processes such as development to metamorphosis and the regulation of the animal's energetics. We discuss our new findings in the context of evolution of TH synthesis and TH signaling in non-chordate animals.