The early effects of increasing solar activity upon the temperature and density of the 1000- kilometer ionosphere.
The early effects of increasing solar activity upon the temperature and density of the 1000- kilometer ionosphere.
复制标题
太阳活动增加对 1000 公里电离层温度和密度的早期影响。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1968
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. M. Reddy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. H. Brace;H. G. Mayr;B. M. Reddy
自1964年10月以来，利用探测器22号上的静电探测器对1000公里处的电子温度和浓度进行了连续的观测，发现了太阳活动增加对电离层的某些影响。本文给出了1965年1月、1966年1月和1967年1月在大约60°N至60°S纬度范围内的午间和午夜的测量结果。各纬度剖面的对比表明，随着太阳活动的增加，各纬度1000 km处的白天电子浓度均呈上升趋势，而电子温度则呈先上升后下降的趋势（1965 ~ 1966）。夜间电离层受太阳活动增加的影响较小，尽管Ne有所减少，Te略有增加。1000公里电离层的这种行为可以定性地理解为中性大气的组成和密度的变化，这反过来又是由太阳活动增加期间中性温度的增加引起的。对电子温度最重要的一个因素是中性氢的逸出，它降低了电子的有效局部冷却，并允许Te最初上升。与太阳活动进一步增加相关的较高的气体温度导致较重的中性成分（O, He）的增强，这再次增加了局部电子冷却并导致电子温度返回较低。
Observations of electron temperature and concentration at 1000 km carried out continuously since October 1964 by electrostatic probes on Explorer 22 have permitted certain ionospheric effects of increasing solar activity to be detected. Midday and midnight measurements throughout the latitude range of approximately 60°N to 60°S for one-month periods in January 1965, 1966, and 1967 are presented. Comparison of these latitude profiles shows that the daytime electron concentration at 1000 km increases with solar activity at all latitudes, while the electron temperature increases initially (in the period from 1965 to 1966) but then decreases (1966 to 1967). The nighttime ionosphere is less affected by the increased solar activity, although Ne decreases somewhat, and Te increases slightly. This behavior of the 1000-km ionosphere can be understood qualitatively in terms of the changing composition and density of the neutral atmosphere, which in turn is caused by the increase in neutral temperature during this period of increased solar activity. A factor of prime importance for the electron temperature is the escape of neutral hydrogen, which reduces the effective local cooling of electrons and permits Te to rise initially. The higher gas temperatures associated with further increases in solar activity cause enhancement of the heavier neutral constituents (O, He), which again increases the local electron cooling and results in a return to lower electron temperatures.