Modelling the impact of menthol sales restrictions and retailer density reduction policies: insights from tobacco town Minnesota
Modelling the impact of menthol sales restrictions and retailer density reduction policies: insights from tobacco town Minnesota
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DOI：
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-054986
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发表时间：
2020-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Luke, Douglas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Combs, Todd B.;McKay, Virginia R.;Luke, Douglas
简介侧重于零售环境的烟草控制政策有可能通过增加直接和间接成本来减少烟草使用和与烟草有关的健康差距。最近，国家和地方政府已经开始限制薄荷醇产品的销售，并降低烟草零售商的密度。方法我们开发了一个基于代理的模型来预测薄荷醇卷烟销售限制和零售商密度降低政策对六类社区和三个优先人群的影响。在每个模拟的一天，代理商吸烟，在社区旅行，并根据自己的物业和当前的零售环境做出购买决定-是否购买，在哪里购买，购买哪种类型的产品。结果在测试的政策中，将所有香烟销售或薄荷醇香烟销售限制在烟草专卖店可能对购买香烟的总成本(直接和间接)产生最大影响。将这些政策中的一项与烟草零售商之间建立最小距离的政策相结合，可能会增强影响。将这些政策结合起来，还可以使购买香烟的成本在社区和人口之间更加平等。讨论我们的模拟揭示了背景的重要性，例如，城市地区的低收入社区从较高的零售商密度开始，可能需要更强有力的政策来显示影响，以及需要关注优先人群的差异影响，例如，政策组合可能会使平均购买距离相等。调整和结合政策可以增强政策效果的可持续性，减少烟草使用。
Introduction Tobacco control policies focused on the retail environment have the potential to reduce tobacco use and tobacco-related health disparities through increasing direct and indirect costs. Recently, national and subnational governments have begun to restrict the sale of menthol products and reduce tobacco retailer density. Methods We developed an agent-based model to project the impact of menthol cigarette sales restrictions and retailer density reduction policies for six types of communities and three priority populations. During each simulated day, agents smoke cigarettes, travel in the community and make purchase decisions-whether, where and which product type to purchase-based on a combination of their own properties and the current retail environment. Results Of the policies tested, restricting all cigarette sales or menthol cigarette sales to tobacco specialty shops may have the largest effect on the total (direct and indirect) costs of purchasing cigarettes. Coupling one of these policies with one that establishes a minimum distance between tobacco retailers may enhance the impact. Combining these policies could also make the costs of acquiring cigarettes more equal across communities and populations. Discussion Our simulations revealed the importance of context, for example, lower income communities in urban areas begin with higher retailer density and may need stronger policies to show impact, as well as the need to focus on differential effects for priority populations, for example, combinations of policies may equalise the average distance travelled to purchase. Adapting and combining policies could enhance the sustainability of policy effects and reduce tobacco use.