Evidence for the Rapid and Divergent Evolution of Mycoplasmas: Structural and Phylogenetic Analysis of Enolases.
Evidence for the Rapid and Divergent Evolution of Mycoplasmas: Structural and Phylogenetic Analysis of Enolases.
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支原体快速且发散进化的证据：烯醇化酶的结构和系统发育分析
DOI：
10.3389/fmolb.2021.811106
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Shao G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen R;Zhao L;Gan R;Feng Z;Cui C;Xie X;Hao F;Zhang Z;Wang L;Ran T;Wang W;Zhang S;Li Y;Zhang W;Pang M;Xiong Q;Shao G
支原体是一组没有细胞壁的原核生物，经过几轮退化进化而来。支原体具有较低的细胞DNA G + C含量和较长的遗传谱系，被认为处于快速进化状态。然而，相关证据很少。烯醇化酶是糖酵解的关键酶，广泛存在于三个结构域的所有物种中，并且具有进化保守性。在我们之前的研究中，烯醇化酶作为毒力因子参与肺炎支原体的细胞表面粘附。此外，在Mhp Eno的晶体结构中首次发现了独特的环状区域。本文对肺炎支原体和牛支原体的烯醇化酶结构进行了测定。晶体结构和序列比对证实，几乎所有支原体烯醇化酶中都存在特异且保守的额外螺旋7。螺旋7的特定基序由F-K/G-K-L/F-K- x - a - i组成，可以作为分子标记。令我们惊讶的是，任何两个支原体烯醇化酶之间的遗传距离都明显长于两个相应物种之间的遗传距离，这表明支原体烯醇化酶的进化存在分歧，而支原体烯醇化酶基因中没有检测到水平基因转移。此外，支原体烯醇化酶的不同环区采用了不同的进化模式。不同支原体的烯醇化酶对PLG和纤维连接蛋白的亲和力也不同。我们的研究结果表明支原体烯醇化酶和支原体的进化是快速而分散的。这项研究也将有助于了解支原体物种在与共同祖先分离后的独立进化。
Mycoplasmas are a group of prokaryotes without cell walls that have evolved through several rounds of degenerative evolution. With a low cell DNA G + C content and definitively long genetic lineages, mycoplasmas are thought to be in a state of rapid evolution. However, little associated evidence has been provided. Enolase is a key enzyme in glycolysis that is widely found in all species from the three domains, and it is evolutionarily conserved. In our previous studies, enolase acted as a virulence factor and participated in cell-surface adhesion in Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Furthermore, unique loop regions were first found in the crystal structure of Mhp Eno. Here, enolase structures from Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma bovis were determined. An extra helix 7 is specific and conservatively found in almost all mycoplasma enolases, as confirmed by crystal structures and sequence alignment. Particular motifs for helix 7, which is composed of F-K/G-K-L/F-K-X-A-I, have been proposed and could be regarded as molecular markers. To our surprise, the genetic distances between any two mycoplasma enolases were obviously longer than those between the two corresponding species themselves, indicating divergent evolution of mycoplasma enolases, whereas no horizontal gene transfer was detected in mycoplasma enolase genens. Furthermore, different evolutionary patterns were adopted by different loop regions of mycoplasma enolase. Enolases from different Mycoplasma species also showed different affinities for PLG and fibronectin. Our results indicate the rapid and divergent evolution of mycoplasma enolase and mycoplasmas. This study will also aid understanding the independent evolution of Mycoplasma species after separation from their common ancestor.
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DOI：
10.1107/s0907444904019158
发表时间：
2004-12-01
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Emsley, P;Cowtan, K
通讯作者：
Cowtan, K
影响因子：
8
作者：
Day, YSN;Baird, CL;Myszka, DG
通讯作者：
Myszka, DG
DOI：
10.1107/s2059798317017557
发表时间：
2018-02-01
期刊：
Acta crystallographica. Section D, Structural biology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Hough MA;Wilson KS
通讯作者：
Wilson KS
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0606239103
发表时间：
2006-09-19
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Choi, In-Geol;Kim, Sung-Hou
通讯作者：
Kim, Sung-Hou
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Hosaka, T;Meguro, T;Shirakihara, Y
通讯作者：
Shirakihara, Y