Defining functional biomes and monitoring their change globally
Defining functional biomes and monitoring their change globally
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DOI：
10.1111/gcb.13367
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发表时间：
2016-11-01
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Moncrieff, Glenn R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Higgins, Steven I.;Buitenwerf, Robert;Moncrieff, Glenn R.
生物群落是组织理解世界上主要陆地生态系统彼此之间的差异和监测这些生态系统变化的重要结构。然而，现有的生物群系分类方案因过于主观和明确或隐含地援引气候因素而受到批评。我们提出了一种新的生物群系图和分类方案，该方案使用以下信息：(i)植被生产力指数，（ii）植被活动最小是在一年中最干燥还是最寒冷的部分，以及（iii）植被高度。在此基础上生成的生物群系具有较强的空间一致性，但与现有生物群系分类方案的一致性较差。我们的生物群系图为比较陆地生态系统的生物地球化学速率提供了另一种分类方案。我们使用这个新的生物群系分类方案来分析近几十年来观察到的生物群系变化模式。总体而言，在30年的研究期间，13%至14%的分析像素在生物群系状态中移动。观察到大范围的生物群系转变。例如，在寒冷季节，高植被和最低植被活动的生物群系转向了高生产力的生物群系状态。植被短、季节性低的生物群落向季节性水分限制型生物群落状态转变。我们的发现和方法为严格监测全球植被变化、分析植被变化的驱动因素和陆地生态系统功能的基准模型提供了新的数据来源。
Biomes are important constructs for organizing understanding of how the worlds' major terrestrial ecosystems differ from one another and for monitoring change in these ecosystems. Yet existing biome classification schemes have been criticized for being overly subjective and for explicitly or implicitly invoking climate. We propose a new biome map and classification scheme that uses information on (i) an index of vegetation productivity, (ii) whether the minimum of vegetation activity is in the driest or coldest part of the year, and (iii) vegetation height. Although biomes produced on the basis of this classification show a strong spatial coherence, they show little congruence with existing biome classification schemes. Our biome map provides an alternative classification scheme for comparing the biogeochemical rates of terrestrial ecosystems. We use this new biome classification scheme to analyse the patterns of biome change observed over recent decades. Overall, 13% to 14% of analysed pixels shifted in biome state over the 30-year study period. A wide range of biome transitions were observed. For example, biomes with tall vegetation and minimum vegetation activity in the cold season shifted to higher productivity biome states. Biomes with short vegetation and low seasonality shifted to seasonally moisture-limited biome states. Our findings and method provide a new source of data for rigorously monitoring global vegetation change, analysing drivers of vegetation change and for benchmarking models of terrestrial ecosystem function.