Demographic, psychosocial, and genetic risk associated with smokeless tobacco use among Mexican heritage youth.
Demographic, psychosocial, and genetic risk associated with smokeless tobacco use among Mexican heritage youth.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12881-015-0188-8
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发表时间：
2015-06-26
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Shete S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wilkinson AV;Koehly LM;Vandewater EA;Yu RK;Fisher-Hoch SP;Prokhorov AV;Kohl HW;Spitz MR;Shete S
尽管无烟烟草使用(STU)对健康的负面影响是众所周知的，但在过去10年里，市场上替代的不可燃烟草产品的数量和种类大幅增加，这些产品相对于香烟的市场份额也有所增加。虽然非西班牙裔白人青年中的STU在过去10年中有所下降，但在西班牙裔青年中的流行率保持不变。在这里，我们研究了墨西哥传统青年中与STU相关的人口统计学、心理社会和遗传风险。参与者(50.5%的女孩)报告了2008-09年的心理社会风险因素(n = 1,087，平均年龄 = 14.3岁)，以及2010-11年的无烟烟草使用情况(平均年龄 = 16.7岁)。参与者提供了一份唾液样本，该样本对多巴胺、5-羟色胺和阿片类药物途径的基因进行了基因分型。总体而言，62名参与者(5.7%)报告了终身STU。我们确定了五个单核苷酸多态，它们增加了终生使用的风险。具体地说，在多巴胺途径中，在 = 上有rs2023902(OR = 1.93；95%CI：1.05-3.53)，在ALDH2上有rs16941667(OR = 3.14；95%CI：1.65-5.94)，在TPh1上有rs17721739(OR = 1.71；95%CI：1.00-2.91)，在5-羟色胺途径中有在TRH-DE(OR = 1.84；95%CI：1.25-2.71)上的rs514912，以及在5-羟色胺转运体基因SLC6A4上的rs42451417。95%可信区间：1.56-7.97)。在控制了遗传风险后，男性(OR = 1.86；95%CI：1.02-3.41)、肥胖状态(OR = 2.22；95%CI：1.21-4.09)、较高的焦虑水平(OR = 1.04；95%CI：1.01-1.08)和社交去抑制(OR = 1.26；95%CI：1.07-1.48)与使用的增加有关。较高的主观社会地位(OR = 0.78；95%CI：0.64~0.93)是防止使用的保护性因素，而较高的父母教育程度(OR = 2.01；95%CI：1.03~3.93)与使用增加相关。这些数据表明，使用遗传风险，以及心理社会、人口统计学和行为风险因素，可能会增加我们识别STU风险增加的青年的能力，这反过来可能会提高我们有效地向墨西哥传统青年传递预防信息的能力。
Despite well-established negative health consequences of smokeless tobacco use (STU), the number and variety of alternative non-combustible tobacco products on the market have increased tremendously over the last 10 years, as has the market share of these products relative to cigarettes. While STU among non-Hispanic white youth has decreased over the last 10 years, the prevalence has remained constant among Hispanic youth. Here we examine demographic, psychosocial, and genetic risk associated with STU among Mexican heritage youth. Participants (50.5 % girls) reported on psychosocial risk factors in 2008–09 (n = 1,087, mean age = 14.3 years), and smokeless tobacco use in 2010–11 (mean age = 16.7 years). Participants provided a saliva sample that was genotyped for genes in the dopamine, serotonin and opioid pathways. Overall 62 (5.7 %) participants reported lifetime STU. We identified five single nucleotide polymorphisms that increased the risk for lifetime use. Specifically, rs2023902 on SERGEF (OR = 1.93; 95 % CI: 1.05-3.53), rs16941667 on ALDH2 (OR = 3.14; 95 % CI: 1.65-5.94), and rs17721739 on TPH1 (OR = 1.71; 95 % CI: 1.00-2.91) in the dopamine pathway, rs514912 on TRH-DE (OR = 1.84; 95 % CI: 1.25-2.71) in the serotonin pathway, and rs42451417 on the serotonin transporter gene, SLC6A4 (OR = 3.53; 95 % CI: 1.56-7.97). After controlling for genetic risk, being male (OR = 1.86; 95 % CI: 1.02-3.41), obesity status (OR = 2.22; 95 % CI: 1.21-4.09), and both higher levels of anxiety (OR = 1.04; 95 % CI: 1.01-1.08) and social disinhibition (OR = 1.26; 95 % CI: 1.07-1.48) were associated with increased use. High subjective social status (OR = 0.78; 95 % CI: 0.64-0.93) was protective against use, while higher parental education (OR = 2.01; 95 % CI: 1.03-3.93) was associated with increased use. These data suggest that use of genetic risk, along with psychosocial, demographic, and behavioral risk factors may increase our ability to identify youth at increased risk for STU, which in turn may improve our ability to effectively target prevention messages to Mexican heritage youth.