Neural Mechanisms Generating Orientation Selectivity in the Retina.
Neural Mechanisms Generating Orientation Selectivity in the Retina.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2016.05.035
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发表时间：
2016-07-25
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hindges R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Antinucci P;Suleyman O;Monfries C;Hindges R
视觉刺激的方向性是视觉场景的一个显著特征。在脊椎动物中，产生方向选择性的第一个神经处理步骤发生在视网膜中。在这里，我们解剖了方向选择电路在斑马鱼视网膜的幼虫，并描述其潜在的突触，细胞和分子机制。我们从遗传学上确定了一类无长突细胞（AC）与细长的树突状乔木，显示方向调整。由细胞粘附分子Teneurin-3（Tenm 3）标记的AC的选择性光遗传学消融和对其功能的药理学干扰都表明，这些细胞通过作为调谐的GABA能抑制的来源而成为视网膜神经节细胞（RGC）中取向选择性的关键组分。此外，我们的形态学分析表明，Tenm 3 + AC和方向选择性RGCs共分层的内部网状层中的树突，Tenm 3 + AC需要Tenm 3获得正确的树突分层。最后，我们表明，方向调谐也存在于双极细胞突触前末梢之间。我们的研究结果定义了脊椎动物视网膜的方向选择性的神经回路，并表征了其组装的细胞和分子要求。我们确定Tenm 3 + AC与细长的树突状乔木显示方向调谐Tenm 3 + AC GABA能抑制是至关重要的方向选择性RGC调谐方向调谐也存在于一些双极细胞突触前末梢我们提出了一个模型，方向选择性是如何产生的神经节细胞的神经机制在脊椎动物视网膜方向选择性仍然知之甚少。Antinucci等人鉴定一类定向调节的无长突细胞，其特征在于伸长的树突状乔木，其对于在视网膜神经节细胞中产生定向选择性是必需的。
The orientation of visual stimuli is a salient feature of visual scenes. In vertebrates, the first neural processing steps generating orientation selectivity take place in the retina. Here, we dissect an orientation-selective circuit in the larval zebrafish retina and describe its underlying synaptic, cellular, and molecular mechanisms. We genetically identify a class of amacrine cells (ACs) with elongated dendritic arbors that show orientation tuning. Both selective optogenetic ablation of ACs marked by the cell-adhesion molecule Teneurin-3 (Tenm3) and pharmacological interference with their function demonstrate that these cells are critical components for orientation selectivity in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) by being a source of tuned GABAergic inhibition. Moreover, our morphological analyses reveal that Tenm3+ ACs and orientation-selective RGCs co-stratify their dendrites in the inner plexiform layer, and that Tenm3+ ACs require Tenm3 to acquire their correct dendritic stratification. Finally, we show that orientation tuning is present also among bipolar cell presynaptic terminals. Our results define a neural circuit underlying orientation selectivity in the vertebrate retina and characterize cellular and molecular requirements for its assembly. We identify Tenm3+ ACs with elongated dendritic arbors showing orientation tuning Tenm3+ AC GABAergic inhibition is crucial for orientation-selective RGC tuning Orientation tuning is present also among some bipolar cell presynaptic terminals We propose a model of how orientation selectivity is generated in ganglion cells The neural mechanisms underlying orientation selectivity in the vertebrate retina are still poorly understood. Antinucci et al. identify a class of orientation-tuned amacrine cells characterized by elongated dendritic arbors that are essential for generating orientation selectivity in retinal ganglion cells.