Enhanced pure-tone pitch discrimination among persons with autism but not Asperger syndrome
Enhanced pure-tone pitch discrimination among persons with autism but not Asperger syndrome
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.04.020
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发表时间：
2010-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Mottron, Laurent
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bonnel, Anna;McAdams, Stephen;Mottron, Laurent
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）患者在视觉和听觉任务中表现出非典型的知觉加工。在视觉方面，Bertone，Mottron，Jelenic和Faubert（2005）发现增强和减弱的视觉处理与处理刺激所需的神经复杂性水平有关，正如神经复杂性假说所提出的那样。基于这些发现，Samson、Mottron、Jemel、贝林和Ciocca（2006）提出将神经复杂性假设扩展到听觉模态。他们假设，与通常发育的个体相比，ASD患者应该在初级听觉皮层区域处理的简单音调中表现出增强的性能，但在联合听觉区域需要额外处理的复杂音调中表现出减弱的性能。为了评估这一假设，我们设计了四个听觉辨别实验，针对音高，非声乐和声乐音色，和响度。刺激包括频谱-时间的简单和复杂的音调。参与者都是患有自闭症、自闭症综合征和典型发育史的青少年和年轻人，智商都在正常范围内。与ASD的神经复杂性假设和增强的感知功能模型（Mottron，Dawson，Soulieres，Hubert，& Burack，2006）一致，患有自闭症的参与者，而不是患有Alfreger综合征的参与者，对简单音调表现出增强的音高辨别力。然而，没有歧视阈值之间的差异被发现参与者与ASD和典型的发展中国家的人跨越频谱和时间复杂的条件。这些发现表明，增强的纯音音高辨别力可能是ASD患者言语延迟的认知相关因素。然而，这组之间的听觉歧视似乎并不直接取决于刺激的频谱-时间复杂性。(C)2010爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Persons with Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) display atypical perceptual processing in visual and auditory tasks. In vision, Bertone, Mottron, Jelenic, and Faubert (2005) found that enhanced and diminished visual processing is linked to the level of neural complexity required to process stimuli, as proposed in the neural complexity hypothesis. Based on these findings, Samson, Mottron, Jemel, Belin, and Ciocca (2006) proposed to extend the neural complexity hypothesis to the auditory modality. They hypothesized that persons with ASD should display enhanced performance for simple tones that are processed in primary auditory cortical regions, but diminished performance for complex tones that require additional processing in associative auditory regions, in comparison to typically developing individuals. To assess this hypothesis, we designed four auditory discrimination experiments targeting pitch, non-vocal and vocal timbre, and loudness. Stimuli consisted of spectra-temporally simple and complex tones. The participants were adolescents and young adults with autism, Asperger syndrome, and typical developmental histories, all with IQs in the normal range. Consistent with the neural complexity hypothesis and enhanced perceptual functioning model of ASD (Mottron, Dawson, Soulieres, Hubert, & Burack, 2006), the participants with autism, but not with Asperger syndrome, displayed enhanced pitch discrimination for simple tones. However, no discrimination-thresholds differences were found between the participants with ASD and the typically developing persons across spectrally and temporally complex conditions. These findings indicate that enhanced pure-tone pitch discrimination may be a cognitive correlate of speech-delay among persons with ASD. However, auditory discrimination among this group does not appear to be directly contingent on the spectro-temporal complexity of the stimuli. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.