Biomolecular Mechanisms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli Biofilm Formation.
Biomolecular Mechanisms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli Biofilm Formation.
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DOI：
10.3390/pathogens3030596
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发表时间：
2014-07-18
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gilmore BF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Laverty G;Gorman SP;Gilmore BF
铜绿假单胞菌和大肠杆菌是最常见的革兰氏阴性生物膜形成医疗器械相关病原体，特别是与导尿管相关的尿路感染。与革兰氏阳性细菌类似，革兰氏阴性生物膜的形成基本上是由本综述中更全面概述的一系列步骤决定的，即粘附、细胞聚集和细胞外聚合物基质的产生。更具体地说，本文将探讨毛和鞭毛在铜绿假单胞菌和大肠杆菌表面革兰氏阴性粘附和积累中的生物合成和作用。比较和对比了两种生物膜成熟过程，即铜绿假单胞菌通过多糖合成位点（Psl）、膜膜形成（Pel）和海藻酸合成产生外多糖，大肠杆菌通过udp -4-氨基-4-脱氧- 1 -阿拉伯糖和结肠酸合成。重点放在LuxR同系物sdiA的重要性；勒克斯/ autoinducer-II;自诱导剂iii /肾上腺素/去甲肾上腺素和吲哚介导的群体感应系统使革兰氏阴性菌适应其环境。大多数革兰氏阴性生物膜由单糖结构的多糖（同质或异多糖）组成，为细菌的生存和成熟提供了最佳环境，使它们对抗生素和捕食者表现出更强的抵抗力。
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli are the most prevalent Gram-negative biofilm forming medical device associated pathogens, particularly with respect to catheter associated urinary tract infections. In a similar manner to Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative biofilm formation is fundamentally determined by a series of steps outlined more fully in this review, namely adhesion, cellular aggregation, and the production of an extracellular polymeric matrix. More specifically this review will explore the biosynthesis and role of pili and flagella in Gram-negative adhesion and accumulation on surfaces in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The process of biofilm maturation is compared and contrasted in both species, namely the production of the exopolysaccharides via the polysaccharide synthesis locus (Psl), pellicle Formation (Pel) and alginic acid synthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and UDP-4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose and colonic acid synthesis in Escherichia coli. An emphasis is placed on the importance of the LuxR homologue sdiA; the luxS/autoinducer-II; an autoinducer-III/epinephrine/norepinephrine and indole mediated Quorum sensing systems in enabling Gram-negative bacteria to adapt to their environments. The majority of Gram-negative biofilms consist of polysaccharides of a simple sugar structure (either homo- or heteropolysaccharides) that provide an optimum environment for the survival and maturation of bacteria, allowing them to display increased resistance to antibiotics and predation.