Evaluation of citrus grove floor management strategies for water use efficiency and conservation
Evaluation of citrus grove floor management strategies for water use efficiency and conservation
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.scienta.2022.111680
复制
发表时间：
2023-02
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
C. Simpson;M. Sétamou;S. Nelson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Simpson;M. Sétamou;S. Nelson
多年生作物全年需要水分，使水资源紧张，特别是在世界各地的干旱和半干旱地区。在这些地区中，美国德克萨斯州的格兰德河谷下游依靠洪水灌溉来满足作物的用水需求。大约60-70%的柑橘生产者使用洪水灌溉来灌溉他们的果园，这种灌溉方法的效率低于其他灌溉方法，如微喷或滴灌。洪水灌溉是为了降低成本、设备和能源需求，而且不需要从生产中拿出土地来养池塘。因此，在这些基础设施不太适合其他做法的地区，有必要采用适合洪水灌溉的保护措施。在3年（从建立到第一次收获）的时间里，采用四种不同的林地管理策略，测量了柑橘树的生长、土壤湿度和灌水量，并对不同林地管理策略下的水分利用效率和潜在节水量进行了测量。在本研究期间，平床无塑料网地膜（传统）、平床有塑料网地膜、平床无地膜和平床有地膜对柑橘幼树生长、土壤水分和节水的影响各不相同。到研究结束时，与传统的林地地面管理相比，采用地被覆盖处理的平地床节水2.2%（4年内节水44403升）。该处理还提高了水分利用效率和幼龄柑橘的初始生长。总的来说，与传统的无覆盖的平地管理方法相比，地面覆盖的使用显示出更大的节水潜力。这些林地地面管理措施除了提高水分利用效率外，还能改善柑橘幼树的生长和结实。然而，这些好处如何转化为更成熟的树木还有待观察。
Perennial crops require water year-round, straining water resources, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions throught the world. Of those regions, the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, USA, depends on flood irrigation to meet water demands of crops. Approximately 60–70% of citrus producers use flood irrigation to irrigate their groves, which is less efficient than other irrigation methods such as micro-jet or drip irrigation. Flood irrigation is to reduce cost, equipment, and energy required, and no land needs to be taken out of production to be used for holding ponds. Therefore, conservation practices that are adapted for flood irrigation are necessary in these areas where infrastructure is less conducive to other practices. Water use efficiency and potential water savings in different grove-floor management strategies, citrus tree growth, soil moisture, and irrigation volume were measured over the course of 3 years (from establishment to first harvest) in four different grove floor management strategies. These strategies, flat-bed no plastic mesh groundcover (traditional), flat-bed with plastic mesh groundcover, raised bed no groundcover, and raised bed with groundcover showed varying impacts on young citrus tree growth, soil moisture, and water savings over this study period. By the end of the study, 2.2% water savings (44,403 L over 4 years) were found in the flat bed with groundcover treatment compared to traditional grove floor management. This treatment also resulted in higher water use efficiency and greater initial growth of young citrus. Overall, the use of ground cover showed much potential for conserving water compared to traditional, uncovered flat bed management methods. These grove floor management practices can improve tree growth and establishment in young citrus trees in addition to improving water use efficiency. However, it is yet to see how these benefits will translate to more mature trees.