The Ecology of Adaptive Radiation
The Ecology of Adaptive Radiation
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-2540.2001.0947b.x
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发表时间：
2001-06
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
G. Turner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Turner
本卷是纪念理查德·C.列万廷的65岁生日和他退休的大致时间。1996年对各卷进行了规划，并正式邀请作者。这本书的第一卷出版于2000年，但1998年9月6日在哈佛的比较动物学博物馆举行了一次庆祝活动，俗称迪克节。卷首插图是115位朋友、以前的学生和参加迪克节的博士后的照片。Dick Lewontin是40多年来群体遗传学和进化的领导者，他的研究能力通过与100多名研究生和博士后的互动而得到增强。他最广为人知的创新是使用蛋白质的电泳调查来量化种群内和种群间的遗传变异。这一创新引发了数千项关于植物、动物和微生物种群的研究，提供了启发中性理论的数据，并引发了中性论者和选择论者之间日益激烈的争论。Lewontin还作出了许多理论贡献，最显着的连锁不平衡和单位的选择。这本书包含32章，分为八个部分：人口遗传学的历史观点;分子进化;选择，联系和育种系统;数量遗传学;基因流和人口结构;人口遗传学和物种形成;和行为生态学。每一节都以前言开始，提供历史观点和组织概述。这本书有一个主题索引和列万廷的出版物清单，目前有274种，而且还在增加。我真希望他们能附上他的学术谱系图。由于32章分为八个部分，任何部分的覆盖面都是粗略的，部分取决于作者与列文廷有关的历史偶然性。这一节日将被视为一个历史性的标志，庆祝活动，由他的学术家庭主办，一个有成就的科学家，而不是作为一个集中的学术论文集。然而，这卷书包含了一些新的论文。第一章，由迪克Lewontin，题为“人口遗传学的问题”，是一个熟悉的主题，Lewontin以权威的态度对待。本章的部分内容是对早期评论的回应，是我们不知道和不可能知道的一长串。其中一些是不公正的艾德悲观主义，通常被误认为科学严谨。其他部分，如他对密码子偏好的讨论和编码与非编码位点的比较，是新颖的和一反常态的乐观。有几章特别值得注意。布鲁斯·华莱士对杂种优势进行了历史性分析，指出“表型变异的中性是个体变异在决定性杂种优势过程中发挥的许多非中性选择作用的平均结果”。Andrew Berry和Antonio Barbadilla表明，重组对于基因座之间的片段交换最为重要，而基因转换对于在基因座内产生多样性更为重要。Eleftherios Zouros和大卫兰德提供了一个深思熟虑的，全面的概述进化力量在控制线粒体DNA的进化，以及各种形式的选择的意义，为地理学研究。杰里·科因和艾伦·奥尔总结了物种形成遗传学的最新进展。《迪克菲斯特》的第二卷于2001年出版，第三卷正在编写中。
This volume is the ®rst of three volumes from a Festschrift marking the occasion of Richard C. Lewontin's 65th birthday and the approximate time of his retirement. The volumes were planned and invitations to authors were formalized in 1996. This ®rst volume appeared in 2000, but a celebration, colloquially referred to as Dickfest, was held on September 6, 1998 at the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard. The frontispiece is a photograph of 115 friends, former students and post docs that attended Dickfest. Dick Lewontin has been a leader in population genetics and evolution for over 40 years, and his in ̄uence has been enhanced by interactions with more than 100 graduate students and postdocs. He is most widely known for the innovation of using electrophoretic surveys of proteins to quantify genetic variation within and among populations. This innovation triggered thousands of studies of plant, animal, and microbial populations, providing the data that inspired the neutral theory and fuelled the festering debate between neutralists and selectionists. Lewontin also made numerous theoretical contributions, most notably on linkage disequilibrium and units of selection. The book contains 32 chapters organized into eight sections: historical perspectives on population genetics; molecular evolution; selection, linkage and breeding systems; quantitative genetics; gene ̄ow and population structure; population genetics and speciation; and behavioural ecology. Each section begins with a preface that provides historical perspective and organizational overview. The book has a subject index and a listing of Lewontin's publications, currently 274 and still growing. I wish they had included a diagram of his academic genealogy. Because the 32 chapters are grouped into eight sections, the coverage of any section is sketchy and partially dependent on the historical contingency of the author being associated with Lewontin. This Festschrift will be valued as an historic marker, the celebration, hosted by his academic family, of an accomplished scientist, rather than as a focused academic eort. Nevertheless, this volume contains some ®ne papers. The ®rst chapter, by Dick Lewontin, entitled `The Problems of Population Genetics', is a familiar theme that Lewontin treats with authority. Parts of the chapter are echoes of earlier reviews, a litany of what we do not know and cannot know. Some of this is unjusti®ed pessimism commonly mistaken for scienti®c rigor. Other parts, such as his discussions of codon bias and comparisons of coding and noncoding sites, are novel and uncharacteristically optimistic. Several chapters were particularly noteworthy. Bruce Wallace provided an historic analysis of heterosis, pointing out that `neutrality of phenotypic variation arises as an average of many, non-neutral selective roles played by individual variants during decisive encounters'. Andrew Berry and Antonio Barbadilla showed that, while recombination is most important for exchanging fragments between loci, gene conversion is much more important for generating diversity within a locus. Eleftherios Zouros and David Rand provided a thoughtful, comprehensive overview of the evolutionary forces in ̄uencing the evolution of mtDNA, and the implications of various forms of selection for phylogeographic studies. Jerry Coyne and Allen Orr summarized recent progress on the genetics of speciation. The second volume from Dickfest appeared in 2001, and the third is in preparation.