Sniffers: Fluid-Dynamic Sampling for Olfactory Trace Detection in Nature and Homeland Security—The 2004 Freeman Scholar Lecture
Sniffers: Fluid-Dynamic Sampling for Olfactory Trace Detection in Nature and Homeland Security—The 2004 Freeman Scholar Lecture
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DOI：
10.1115/1.1891146
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发表时间：
2005-03
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
G. Settles
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Settles
脊椎动物将鼻子对准感兴趣的区域并嗅闻，以获取携带食物、繁殖、亲属关系、危险等信息的嗅觉痕迹信号。无脊椎动物同样将触角置于周围的流体中以获取此类信号。这些自然感知过程中的一些流体动力学问题已被零碎地研究过，但嗅闻的整体课题尚未得到充分的研究或理解。然而，它对于人类的若干目的很重要，特别是传感器检测环境中化学和生物痕迹的采样方案。在介绍了一些背景知识之后，对自然界在嗅闻流体动力学方面的成就进行了总体评估。通过仿生学发现了创新的机会。由于目前很少有人工（“电子”）鼻子能够在自然意义上进行嗅闻，因此考虑了帮助它们有效嗅闻的方法。对爆炸物痕迹检测、地雷检测、化学和生物嗅探以及人员采样等安全问题进行了研究。还考虑了包括医学诊断和泄漏检测在内的其他嗅闻应用。为了推进生物流体动力学这一课题，确定了几个研究机会。尽管是从流体动力学的角度撰写的，但这篇综述面向的是广泛的读者群体。
Vertebrates aim their noses at regions of interest and sniff in order to acquire olfactory trace signals that carry information on food, reproduction, kinship, danger, etc. Invertebrates likewise position antennae in the surrounding fluid to acquire such signals. Some of the fluid dynamics of these natural sensing processes has been examined piecemeal, but the overall topic of sniffing is not well investigated or understood. It is, however, important for several human purposes, especially sampling schemes for sensors to detect chemical and biological traces in the environment. After establishing some background, a general appraisal is given of nature’s accomplishments in the fluid dynamics of sniffing. Opportunities are found for innovation through biomimicry. Since few artificial (“electronic”) noses can currently sniff in the natural sense, ways are considered to help them sniff effectively. Security issues such as explosive trace detection, landmine detection, chemical and biological sniffing, and people sampling are examined. Other sniffing applications including medical diagnosis and leak detection are also considered. Several research opportunities are identified in order to advance this topic of biofluid dynamics. Though written from a fluid dynamics perspective, this review is intended for a broad audience.