Bacillomycin D Produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Is Involved in the Antagonistic Interaction with the Plant-Pathogenic Fungus Fusarium graminearum
Bacillomycin D Produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Is Involved in the Antagonistic Interaction with the Plant-Pathogenic Fungus Fusarium graminearum
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.01075-17
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发表时间：
2017-10-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Gao, Xuewen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gu, Qin;Yang, Yang;Gao, Xuewen
禾谷镰刀菌（有性型：子囊菌门（Ascomycota）、肉座菌目（Hypocreales）、赤霉属（Gibberella）、玉米赤霉属（Gibberella zeae））是一种危害小麦和大麦生产和品质的毁灭性病原真菌。控制这种产生毒素的病原体是一项重大挑战。在本研究中，商品化菌株Bacillus amyloliquefaciens（Bacteria，Firmicutes，Bacillales，Bacillus）FZB 42对F.禾谷早熟禾由FZB 42产生的脂肽杆菌霉素D被证明有助于抗真菌活性。纯化的杆菌霉素D对F. graminearum，其50%有效浓度被确定为约30 μ g/ml。扫描电镜和透射电镜分析表明，芽孢杆菌素D引起的质膜和细胞壁的形态变化。禾谷霉菌丝和分生孢子。结合不同染料的荧光显微镜观察表明，杆菌霉素D诱导了F.禾谷霉菌丝和分生孢子。F.禾谷镰刀菌的次生代谢也对芽孢杆菌霉素D的挑战作出反应，通过增加脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的产生。生物防治试验表明，芽孢杆菌素D对该菌有较好的防治效果。玉米须、小麦幼苗和小麦穗上的禾谷孢菌。对杆菌霉素D、F.参与清除活性氧的禾谷镰刀菌基因下调，而参与脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇合成的基因上调。MGV 1和HOG 1是F.禾谷镰刀菌对芽孢杆菌素D的敏感性增加。两者合计，这些研究结果揭示了芽孢杆菌霉素D的抗真菌作用的机制。重要的生物防治引起的禾谷镰刀菌的植物病害是可取的。解淀粉芽孢杆菌FZB 42是生防菌株的代表。FZB 42产生的脂肽杆菌霉素D具有较强的杀菌活性。禾谷早熟禾芽孢杆菌素D引起了F. graminearum，诱导活性氧的积累，并最终导致细胞死亡。禾谷早熟禾有趣的是，当F。利用芽孢杆菌素D对禾谷镰刀菌进行了攻毒，研究了脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的产生、基因表达、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶磷酸化和致病性。graminearum有明显的改变。这些结果阐明了芽孢杆菌素D对F.并强调了B的潜力。利用解淀粉菌FZB 42作为生防菌株对F.禾谷早熟禾
Fusarium graminearum (teleomorph: Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Gibberella, Gibberella zeae) is a destructive fungal pathogen that threatens the production and quality of wheat and barley worldwide. Controlling this toxin-producing pathogen is a significant challenge. In the present study, the commercially available strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bacteria, Firmicutes, Bacillales, Bacillus) FZB42 showed strong activity against F. graminearum. The lipopeptide bacillomycin D, produced by FZB42, was shown to contribute to the antifungal activity. Purified bacillomycin D showed strong activity against F. graminearum, and its 50% effective concentration was determined to be approximately 30 mu g/ml. Analyses using scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that bacillomycin D caused morphological changes in the plasma membranes and cell walls of F. graminearum hyphae and conidia. Fluorescence microscopy combined with different dyes showed that bacillomycin D induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and caused cell death in F. graminearum hyphae and conidia. F. graminearum secondary metabolism also responded to bacillomycin D challenge, by increasing the production of deoxynivalenol. Biological control experiments demonstrated that bacillomycin D exerted good control of F. graminearum on corn silks, wheat seedlings, and wheat heads. In response to bacillomycin D, F. graminearum genes involved in scavenging reactive oxygen species were downregulated, whereas genes involved in the synthesis of deoxynivalenol were upregulated. Phosphorylation of MGV1 and HOG1, the mitogen-activated protein kinases of F. graminearum, was increased in response to bacillomycin D. Taken together, these findings reveal the mechanism of the antifungal action of bacillomycin D.IMPORTANCE Biological control of plant disease caused by Fusarium graminearum is desirable. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 is a representative of the biocontrol bacterial strains. In this work, the lipopeptide bacillomycin D, produced by FZB42, showed strong fungicidal activity against F. graminearum. Bacillomycin D caused morphological changes in the plasma membrane and cell wall of F. graminearum, induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and ultimately caused cell death in F. graminearum. Interestingly, when F. graminearum was challenged with bacillomycin D, the deoxynivalenol production, gene expression, mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, and pathogenicity of F. graminearum were significantly altered. These findings clarified the mechanisms of the activity of bacillomycin D against F. graminearum and highlighted the potential of B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42 as a biocontrol agent against F. graminearum.