Child Care and Early Education for Infants and Toddlers
Child Care and Early Education for Infants and Toddlers
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婴幼儿保育和早期教育
DOI：
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. Sandstrom
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Chaudry;H. Sandstrom
摘要：在这篇文章中，Ajay Chaudry和Heather Sandstrom回顾了有关三岁以下儿童保育和早期教育的研究。他们描述了家庭对婴幼儿使用的一系列早期护理和教育安排；近几十年来这些模式是如何改变的；以及家庭社会经济地位、种族和民族的差异。乔德里和桑德斯特罗姆指出，家庭在获得儿童护理方面面临着许多挑战，而且找到的护理质量不仅仅是一般的。这些挑战包括供应有限，相对于在职父母和追求教育的人的需求而言，负担能力有限。其他挑战是基于家庭和儿童的情况；例如，父母可能会非传统地或可变时间工作，或者孩子可能有特殊的发展需求。尽管专家们一致认为，儿童护理的质量对他们的学习和发展很重要，但作者写道，对于如何最好地衡量质量以及哪些因素最重要，没有达成共识。他们回顾了我们对美国婴幼儿保育质量的了解，为什么保育质量对儿童的学习和发展很重要，以及联邦政府和各州如何努力提高保育质量。乔德里和桑德斯特罗姆还研究了支持早期保育和教育的主要公共项目，主要是为低收入家庭的儿童提供的--儿童保育补贴、税收抵免和早期启动计划。总体而言，他们指出，美国对优质托儿和早期教育的公共投资相对较少，尽管支持这一投资的大胆提议现在已经摆在桌面上。
Summary:In this article, Ajay Chaudry and Heather Sandstrom review research on child care and early education for children under age three. They describe the array of early care and education arrangements families use for infants and toddlers; how these patterns have changed in recent decades; and differences by family socioeconomic status, race, and ethnicity.Chaudry and Sandstrom note that families face many challenges both in getting access to child care and in finding care of more than mediocre quality. These challenges include limited supply and limited affordability relative to the needs of working parents and those pursuing education. Other challenges are based on families’ and children’s circumstances; for example, parents may work nontraditional or variable hours, or children may have special developmental needs.Although experts agree that the quality of children’s care is important for their learning and development, the authors write, there is no consensus on how to best measure quality and what factors are most important. They review what we know about the quality of infant and toddler child care in the United States, why child care quality matters for children’s learning and development, and how the federal government as well as the states are trying to improve child care quality.Chaudry and Sandstrom also examine the major public programs that support early care and education, primarily for children in low-income families—child care subsidies, tax credits, and the Early Head Start program. Overall, they note, the United States’ public investment in quality child care and early education is relatively minimal, though bold proposals to bolster that investment are now on the table.