Destitution Economies: Circuits of Value in Asylum, Refugee, and Migration Control
Destitution Economies: Circuits of Value in Asylum, Refugee, and Migration Control
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DOI：
10.1080/24694452.2020.1715196
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发表时间：
2020-02-26
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Martin, Lauren L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Coddington, Kate;Conlon, Deirdre;Martin, Lauren L.
在本文中，我们认为移民控制的贫困经济是由造成移民和难民贫困的移民控制实践构成的特定的交换和价值循环。对泰国边境营地、美国移民拘留中心的贫困和英国的贫困威慑三个案例的比较分析表明，价值循环依赖于工人脱离公民身份，同时产生移民贫困和新的价值生产形式。在贫困经济体中，移民和庇护作为国内、外国和证券化的特殊司法-政治地位，允许法律制度将移民和寻求庇护者作为不同的经济主体：被遗弃的受援者。尽管他们也可能为工资而工作，但我们认为，贫困的移民和寻求庇护者通过生活在贫困中的艰苦劳动，为其他人带来了价值。也就是说，在他们被归类为移民和寻求庇护者时，他们在经济巡回中占据着特殊的地位。这些移民控制的经济循环反过来又依赖于流动人口的贫困。我们的方法推进了移民、边界和排斥的政治地理以及市场化和价值的经济地理，认为对移民和庇护制度的政治分析和批评占主导地位，掩盖了这些制度如何通过法律、国家实践和排斥产生价值循环。此外，法律、国家权力和强制流动构成了价值和市场化的循环。将这些移民控制做法概念化为贫困经济，说明移民、边界和不平等的政治和经济地理发生了新的变化。
In this article, we argue that destitution economies of migration control are specific circuits of exchange and value constituted by migration control practices that produce migrant and refugee destitution. Comparative analysis of three case studies, including border encampment in Thailand, deprivation in U.S. immigration detention centers, and deterrence through destitution in the United Kingdom, demonstrate that circuits of value depend on the detachment of workers from citizenship and simultaneously produce both migrant destitution and new forms of value production. Within destitution economies, migration and asylum's particular juridico-political position as domestic, foreign, and securitized allows legal regimes to produce migrants and asylum seekers as distinct economic subjects: forsaken recipients of aid. Although they might also work for pay, we argue that destitute migrants and asylum seekers have value for others through the grinding labor of living in poverty. That is, in their categorization as migrants and asylum seekers, they occupy a particular position in relation to economic circuits. These economic circuits of migration control, in turn, rely on the destitution of mobile people. Our approach advances political geographies of migration, bordering, and exclusion as well as economic geographies of marketization and value, arguing that the predominance of political analysis and critique of immigration and asylum regimes obscures how those regimes produce circuits of value in and through law, state practices, and exclusion. Furthermore, law, state power, and forced mobility constitute circuits of value and marketization. Conceptualizing these migration control practices as destitution economies illuminates novel transformations of the political and economic geographies of migration, borders, and inequality.