Off-Axis Characterisation of the CERN T10 Beam for low Momentum Proton Measurements with a High Pressure Gas Time Projection Chamber
Off-Axis Characterisation of the CERN T10 Beam for low Momentum Proton Measurements with a High Pressure Gas Time Projection Chamber
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DOI：
10.3390/instruments4030021
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发表时间：
2020-07
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Jones;T. Nonnenmacher;E. Atkin;G. Barker;A. Basharina-Freshville;C. Betancourt;S. Boyd;
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Jones;T. Nonnenmacher;E. Atkin;G. Barker;A. Basharina-Freshville;C. Betancourt;S. Boyd;
我们提出了在欧洲核子研究中心T10束流线上质子通量的研究。利用T10中0.8 GeV/c的动量设置，将一个原型高压气体时间投影室（TPC）暴露在质子束和其他粒子束中，对氩气中的低能质子进行了截面测量。为了探索在振荡实验中由GeV尺度的中微子相互作用产生的与强子相当的能量区域，即接近0.1 GeV的动能，采用了减缓T10束流的方法：采用丙烯酸块减缓束流和测量偏离束流轴的散射质子的双重技术来降低入射质子的动能，并改变入射通量的质子/最小电离粒子（MIP）组成。利用TPC上游和下游的飞行时间系统对光束特性进行了测量。到达TPC的质子的动能成功地从没有减速剂块的~ 0.3 GeV转变为有四个减速剂块的小于0.1 GeV（路径长度为40 cm）。质子和光子激元离束轴的通量都增加了。质子与MIPs的比例随离轴角度的变化而变化，从而可以对探测器进行优化，以选择所需粒子的类型。通过飞行时间测量得出的模拟结果表明，在光束线上放置4个减速剂块，每次泄漏（5.6±0.1）个能量低于0.1 GeV的质子穿过活跃的TPC区域。给出了光束组成和能量的测量结果。
We present studies of proton fluxes in the T10 beamline at CERN. A prototype high pressure gas time projection chamber (TPC) was exposed to the beam of protons and other particles, using the 0.8 GeV/c momentum setting in T10, in order to make cross section measurements of low energy protons in argon. To explore the energy region comparable to hadrons produced by GeV-scale neutrino interactions at oscillation experiments, i.e., near 0.1 GeV of kinetic energy, methods of moderating the T10 beam were employed: the dual technique of moderating the beam with acrylic blocks and measuring scattered protons off the beam axis was used to decrease the kinetic energy of incident protons, as well as change the proton/minimum ionising particle (MIP) composition of the incident flux. Measurements of the beam properties were made using time of flight systems upstream and downstream of the TPC. The kinetic energy of protons reaching the TPC was successfully changed from ∼0.3 GeV without moderator blocks to less than 0.1 GeV with four moderator blocks (40 cm path length). The flux of both protons and MIPs off the beam axis was increased. The ratio of protons to MIPs vary as a function of the off-axis angle allowing for possible optimisation of the detector to select the type of required particles. Simulation informed by the time of flight measurements show that with four moderator blocks placed in the beamline, (5.6 ± 0.1) protons with energies below 0.1 GeV per spill traversed the active TPC region. Measurements of the beam composition and energy are presented.