CHLORINE GAS EXPOSURE AND THE LUNG - A REVIEW
CHLORINE GAS EXPOSURE AND THE LUNG - A REVIEW
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DOI：
10.1177/074823379300900304
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发表时间：
1993-05-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
BLANC, PD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DAS, R;BLANC, PD
我们对文献进行了回顾，详细介绍了氯的呼吸作用，氯是一种非常重要但有毒的卤素。从历史上看，最严重的氯气吸入暴露是第一次世界大战的毒气造成的。目前，由于无意的环境释放，在工作场所的各种环境中，甚至在家中，由于家庭清洁事故，都可能发生人体吸入氯的接触。氯物种是高度反应性的;组织损伤的结果暴露于氯，盐酸，次氯酸，或氯胺。在职业或环境环境中急性、高水平暴露于氯气会导致各种剂量相关的肺效应，从呼吸道粘膜刺激到肺水肿。肺功能测试可以在暴露后立即显示阻塞性或限制性缺陷，在大多数情况下随着时间的推移而消退。然而，其中一些暴露者在高水平暴露于氯气后可能表现出长期持续的阻塞性或限制性肺功能障碍或非特异性气道反应性增加。在家中吸入含氯清洁剂混合物后的症状和体征与职业接触和环境释放后的症状和体征相似。虽然这些事件通常不太严重，但可能非常常见。受控的人类接触数据表明，某些受试者可能对氯气的影响更敏感;流行病学数据还表明，某些亚群（例如，吸烟者）吸入氯后可能有更大的不良后果风险。虽然这些发现是有趣的，需要进一步的研究，以更好地描绘的危险因素，倾向于发展长期的肺部后遗症后，氯气暴露。
We conducted a review of the literature detailing the respiratory effects of chlorine, an extremely important but toxic halogen. Historically, the heaviest mass inhalational exposures to chlorine resulted from World War I gassing. Currently potential human exposure to chlorine inhalation occurs in a variety of settings in the workplace, as a result of inadvertent environmental releases, and even in the home due to household cleaning mishaps. Chlorine species are highly reactive; tissue injury results from exposure to chlorine, hydrochloric acid, hypochlorous acid, or chloramines. Acute, high level exposure to chlorine gas in occupational or environmental settings results in a variety of dose-related lung effects ranging from respiratory mucus membrane irritation to pulmonary edema. Pulmonary function testing can reveal either obstructive or restrictive deficits immediately following exposure, with resolution over time in the majority of cases. However, some of those exposed may demonstrate long-term persistent obstructive or restrictive pulmonary deficits or increased nonspecific airway reactivity after high level exposure to chlorine gas. Symptoms and signs following inhalation of mixtures of chlorine-containing cleaners in the home are similar to those after occupational exposures and environmental releases.. Although generally less severe, these events may be extremely common. Controlled human exposure data suggest that some subjects may be more responsive to the effects of chlorine gas; epidemiologic data also indicate that certain subpopulations (e.g., smokers) may be at greater risk of adverse outcome after chlorine inhalation. Although these findings are intriguing, additional study is needed to better delineate the risk factors that predispose toward the development of long-term pulmonary sequelae following chlorine gas exposure.