Gut microbiome and liver diseases
Gut microbiome and liver diseases
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DOI：
10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312729
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发表时间：
2016-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
24.5
通讯作者：
Mayer, Emeran A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tilg, Herbert;Cani, Patrice D.;Mayer, Emeran A.
近年来，肠道微生物群在许多肠道和肠外疾病的病理生理中扮演着重要的角色。肝脏是与肠道接触最密切的器官，并暴露于大量的细菌成分和代谢物。各种肝脏疾病，如酒精性肝病、非酒精性肝病和原发性硬化性胆管炎，都与微生物群的改变有关。这种生态失调可能通过与宿主免疫系统和其他细胞类型的多重相互作用影响肝脏脂肪变性、炎症和纤维化的程度。尽管肝脏疾病临床宏基因组研究的结果很少，但越来越多的证据表明，在肝硬化中，口腔微生物组在下肠道中被过度代表，可能有助于疾病的进程和严重程度。越来越多的证据表明，多种益生元、益生菌和抗生素可以有效治疗肝性脑病等严重肝脏疾病的并发症，这也支持了肠道微生物群在肝脏疾病中的重要作用。更好地了解肝脏疾病中的肠道微生物群及其组成可能为这些复杂疾病提供更完整的图景，并为新疗法奠定基础。
The gut microbiota has recently evolved as a new important player in the pathophysiology of many intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. The liver is the organ which is in closest contact with the intestinal tract, and is exposed to a substantial amount of bacterial components and metabolites. Various liver disorders such as alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic liver disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis have been associated with an altered microbiome. This dysbiosis may influence the degree of hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis through multiple interactions with the host's immune system and other cell types. Whereas few results from clinical metagenomic studies in liver disease are available, evidence is accumulating that in liver cirrhosis an oral microbiome is overrepresented in the lower intestinal tract, potentially contributing to disease process and severity. A major role for the gut microbiota in liver disorders is also supported by the accumulating evidence that several complications of severe liver disease such as hepatic encephalopathy are efficiently treated by various prebiotics, probiotics and antibiotics. A better understanding of the gut microbiota and its components in liver diseases might provide a more complete picture of these complex disorders and also form the basis for novel therapies.