Americans overestimate social class mobility
Americans overestimate social class mobility
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jesp.2015.01.005
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发表时间：
2015-05-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Tan, Jacinth J. X.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kraus, Michael W.;Tan, Jacinth J. X.
在这项研究中，我们研究了美国社会阶层流动性的估计，即在教育和收入地位上向上或向下移动的能力。在所有研究中，对阶级流动性的高估都很大，尤其是在年轻的参与者和主观社会阶级较高的人中，无论是测量（研究1-3）还是操纵（研究4）。阶级流动性高估是独立的一般估计误差（研究3），并持续占知识阶级流动性评估的教育程度和自我评价。实验表明，流动性高估是由暴露于社会阶层的遗传决定因素的信息形成的，这是一篇伪科学文章，表明遗传对经济进步的限制增加了阶级流动性估计的准确性（研究2），并受到保护自我的需要的激励，提高了阶级流动性的自我相关性增加了高估（研究3）。讨论的重点是高估阶级流动性对个人和社会的成本和收益。(C)2015年，作者。爱思唯尔公司出版
In this research we examine estimates of American social class mobility the ability to move up or down in education and income status. Across studies, overestimates of class mobility were large and particularly likely among younger participants and those higher in subjective social class both measured (Studies 1-3) and manipulated (Study 4). Class mobility overestimates were independent of general estimation errors (Study 3) and persisted after accounting for knowledge of class mobility assessed in terms of educational attainment and self-ratings. Experiments revealed that mobility overestimates were shaped by exposure to information about the genetic determinants of social class a faux science article suggesting genetic constraints to economic advancement increased accuracy in class mobility estimates (Study 2) and motivated by needs to protect the self heightening the self-relevance of class mobility increased overestimates (Study 3). Discussion focused on both the costs and benefits of overestimates of class mobility for individuals and society. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.