Experience-dependent development of visual sensitivity in larval zebrafish
Experience-dependent development of visual sensitivity in larval zebrafish
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-019-54958-6
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发表时间：
2019-12-12
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Goodbourn, Patrick T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Xie, Jiaheng;Jusuf, Patricia R.;Goodbourn, Patrick T.
斑马鱼（Danio rerio）是研究视觉发育（尤其是幼虫阶段）的流行脊椎动物模型。对于许多脊椎动物来说，出生后的视觉经验对于微调视觉发育至关重要，但尚不清楚经验如何塑造斑马鱼幼虫的视觉。斑马鱼游泳时有着动人的质感；在野外，这种先天性视运动反应 (OMR) 可以稳定流动水中的幼虫，但它可以在实验室中用于评估斑马鱼的视觉功能。在这里，我们比较了受精后 5 至 7 天的视觉幼虫和经验丰富的幼虫之间从 OMR 推断出的空间频率调谐。我们还通过量化幼虫视网膜中的突触后密度 95 (PSD-95) 来检查神经元之间突触连接的发育。 PSD-95 与 NMDA 受体密切相关，NMDA 受体是依赖经验的视觉发育的神经递质受体蛋白。我们发现，幼虫阶段视觉空间频率调谐的发育变化需要视觉经验，而不是遵循与经验无关的遗传程序。接触引起 OMR 的运动并没有比接触静态形式产生更大的改善，这表明 OMR 所指示的敏感性增加不是由运动练习驱动的，而是由视觉体验本身驱动的。 PSD-95 密度随视觉敏感性而变化，这表明经验可能上调 PSD-95 的聚类，促进视觉发育中的突触成熟。
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a popular vertebrate model for studying visual development, especially at the larval stage. For many vertebrates, post-natal visual experience is essential to fine-tune visual development, but it is unknown how experience shapes larval zebrafish vision. Zebrafish swim with a moving texture; in the wild, this innate optomotor response (OMR) stabilises larvae in moving water, but it can be exploited in the laboratory to assess zebrafish visual function. Here, we compared spatial-frequency tuning inferred from OMR between visually naive and experienced larvae from 5 to 7 days post-fertilisation. We also examined development of synaptic connections between neurons by quantifying post-synaptic density 95 (PSD-95) in larval retinae. PSD-95 is closely associated with Nmethyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, the neurotransmitter-receptor proteins underlying experience-dependent visual development. We found that rather than following an experience-independent genetic programme, developmental changes in visual spatial-frequency tuning at the larval stage required visual experience. Exposure to motion evoking OMR yielded no greater improvement than exposure to static form, suggesting that increased sensitivity as indexed by OMR was driven not by motor practice but by visual experience itself. PSD-95 density varied with visual sensitivity, suggesting that experience may have up-regulated clustering of PSD-95 for synaptic maturation in visual development.